American pronunciation

Содержание

1. American pronunciation
2. Real American PronunciationWord StressThought GroupsSounds of EnglishReductionPhrasal StressLinkingEmphasisConsonants & VowelsAmerican
3. Word StressIn every word in English, there
4. What are the patterns? English word stress
5. Sometimes you can predict the stress placement
6. Слайд 6
7. Слайд 7
8. Listen and PracticeWhere do you hear the
9. Listen for the word stress of the
10. Thought GroupsIn written English, we use punctuation
11. What are the patterns? Thought groups are
12. Verb phrases:jogged joyfully seemed correctPrepositional phrases:in
13. Between each thought group, the speaker needs
14. Finally, // each time you prepare the
15. Where would you put the pauses?2. Through
16. 5. Although many people believe that J.S.
17. 1. The interior element / is much
18. My answer and reason.2. Through this analysis,
19. My answer and reason.3. When the current
20. My answer and reason.4. In order to
21. My answer and reason.5. Although many people
22. Sounds of EnglishThe purpose of this section
23. The sounds in "heed" and "hid"We make
24. Here is a video clip of this
25. Now let's listen to some sounds!/i/ sounds:/I/ sounds:MeatSheepLeak MittShipLick
26. The sounds in "head" and "hate"We make
27. The sounds in "hot" and "hat"We make
28. These two video clips also show the /a/ sound. momBob
29. The sound in "hat" is made with
30. The sounds of in "hoot" and "hood"We
31. Here is a picture of someone making
32. The sounds in "hoot" and "hut"We make
33. Here is a picture of someone
34. Скачать презентанцию

Real American PronunciationWord StressThought GroupsSounds of EnglishReductionPhrasal StressLinkingEmphasisConsonants & VowelsAmerican

Слайды и текст этой презентации

Слайд 1American Pronunciation

Слайд 2Real American Pronunciation
Word Stress
Thought Groups
Sounds of English
Reduction
Phrasal Stress
Linking
Emphasis
Consonants & Vowels
American

Real American PronunciationWord StressThought GroupsSounds of EnglishReductionPhrasal StressLinkingEmphasisConsonants & VowelsAmerican

Слайд 3Word Stress
In every word in English, there is one main

emphasized syllable. The vowel sound in this syllable sounds higher

in pitch, longer, and louder, and this is called stress. This helps create the rhythm of the language, and knowing how to recognize the stressed syllable will help you with comprehension. Placing the stress where it should be when you're speaking helps native speakers understand you better as well.

Click on the to hear an example.

Word StressIn every word in English, there is one main emphasized syllable. The vowel sound in this

Слайд 4What are the patterns?
English word stress is not always

on the same syllable, like in some languages. Many times,

though, it is one of the last three syllables in the word. Here are some examples of stress in different syllables of the word:

computer

languages

pronunciation

Could you hear a difference in tone, length, and loudness between the stressed and unstressed syllables?

What are the patterns? English word stress is not always on the same syllable, like in some

Слайд 5Sometimes you can predict the stress placement because of the

type of word or the ending you put on it.

Here are some general rules:

Sometimes you can predict the stress placement because of the type of word or the ending you

Слайд 6

Слайд 7

Слайд 8Listen and Practice
Where do you hear the main stress in

these words?
con
gra
tu
la
tions
dark
room
so
lid
mag
ni
fy
so
phis
ti
ca
ted
un
der
go
to
pi
cal
com
pu
ter
desk
com
plete
ab
stract
Click to hear the word, then click on

the syllable you think is the stressed syllable.

Listen and PracticeWhere do you hear the main stress in these words? congratulationsdarkroomsolidmagnifysophisticatedundergotopicalcomputerdeskcompleteabstractClick to hear the word,

Слайд 9Listen for the word stress of the given words in

the sentence. Play the sentences.
1. My teachers really amuse me.
2.

That is kept confidential in the file cabinet.

3. The president's family lives in the White House.

4. According to my calendar, we have an appointment at three.

5. I'm going to print out the handouts for the geology class now.

Listen for the word stress of the given words in the sentence. Play the sentences.1. My teachers

Слайд 10Thought Groups
In written English, we use punctuation to show where

the pauses in the sentences should be. When we speak

English, our listeners don't see the punctuation, but we don't generally run all the words together in a stream of equally-emphasized words either; we group words by their meaning, and pause between them. This allows us to speak in phrases or thought groups, and to pause just after important information that we emphasize.

If we are speaking slower and clearer, the phrases are shorter, but if we are speaking fast, the phrases are longer and we don't emphasize as many words. It's important to know where to put the pauses in the sentences so that you can sound more like a native-speaker.

Thought GroupsIn written English, we use punctuation to show where the pauses in the sentences should be.

Слайд 11What are the patterns?
Thought groups are generally formed by

the grammar.
Here are some examples:
Noun phrases:
the obsolete software

Amy and Peter

Short subject and verb:

Mary walked

The boy smiled

What are the patterns? Thought groups are generally formed by the grammar. Here are some examples: Noun

Слайд 12Verb phrases:
jogged joyfully
seemed correct
Prepositional phrases:
in the laboratory
with the

hammer
to the mall
Relative Clauses:
...woman who wore glasses, was...
...book

that I read, is...

Parenthetical remarks:

phrases (or thought groups) are...
this is, in fact, an example.

Verb phrases:jogged joyfully seemed correctPrepositional phrases:in the laboratory with the hammer to the mallRelative

Слайд 13Between each thought group, the speaker needs to pause. There

are some pauses that are longer and more important than

others. These would be marked with commas "," semi-colons ";" colons ":" and periods "." in writing, and will ALMOST ALWAYS be pauses, no matter how fast the person is speaking. The other pauses will be there if it's slower speech but might not be if it's faster speech.

Sometimes if you can imagine the punctuation that would be there in writing, it helps you know where to pause for a breath. (click on the icon to hear each sentence)

Between each thought group, the speaker needs to pause. There are some pauses that are longer and

Слайд 14
Finally, // each time you prepare the solution, // you

should take into account /

the temperature of the liquids.

// Don't mix these two liquids together / unless

they have the same temperature: // room temperature. // After they reach the

same temperature, // then you can mix them together / and get the starting temperature.

First listen to the whole paragraph and then
listen to each sentence.

Finally, // each time you prepare the solution, // you should take into account / the temperature

Слайд 15Where would you put the pauses?
2. Through this analysis, we

will be delving into the world of engineering mechanics.
1.

The interior element is much more important than the outer elements.

3. When the current price wars have dissipated, the everyday consumer will have more buying power.

Where would you put the pauses?2. Through this analysis, we will be delving into the world of

Слайд 165. Although many people believe that J.S. Bach was a

classical composer, he was in fact, a Baroque master.
4.

In order to find the non-trivial solution of a linear system, one must find the eigenvalues of the corresponding state-space matrix.

5. Although many people believe that J.S. Bach was a classical composer, he was in fact, a

Слайд 171. The interior element / is much more important /

than the outer elements.
The first thought group is a noun

phrase, the second is a verb phrase, and the third begins with a particle. The underlined words are the stressed words in each thought group, and the italicized words are emphasized because they are comparing one with another and "element" is old information at the end of the sentence. (See also Phrasal Stress and Emphasis).

My answer and reason.

1. The interior element / is much more important / than the outer elements.The first thought group

Слайд 18My answer and reason.
2. Through this analysis, //we will be

delving /into the world /of engineering mechanics.
The first, third, and

fourth thought groups are prepositional phrases and the second is a short subject and verb phrase. There is a longer pause after the adverbial "through this analysis", where the comma would be.

My answer and reason.2. Through this analysis, //we will be delving /into the world /of engineering mechanics.The

Слайд 19My answer and reason.
3. When the current price wars /

have dissipated, // the everyday consumer / will have more

buying power.

Here the first thought group is a long noun phrase starting with an adverb; the second is a verb phrase that is separated from the subject so that the subject can be emphasized more because of the pause; the third is another noun phrase; and the fourth is a verb phrase. There is a longer pause after the second phrase because of the punctuation. Note here also that "price wars" and "buying power" are both compound nouns and so are stressed on the first element. (See Word Stress).

My answer and reason.3. When the current price wars / have dissipated, // the everyday consumer /

Слайд 20My answer and reason.
4. In order to find /the non-trivial

solution / of a linear system, // one must find

the eigenvalues / of the corresponding state-space matrix.

Here the first thought group is an infinitive (verb) phrase beginning with a subordinator, the second is a noun phrase, the third and the last are prepositional phrases, and the fourth is a short subject and verb. There is a longer pause between the dependent and independent clauses in this sentence (where the comma would be.)

My answer and reason.4. In order to find /the non-trivial solution / of a linear system, //

Слайд 21My answer and reason.
5. Although many people believe / that

J.S. Bach /was a classical composer, // he was /in

fact, / a Baroque master.

The first thought group in this sentence begins with a subordinator as it's the beginning of a dependent clause, plus it's a short subject/verb phrase. The second is a relative clause. The third is a predicate verb phrase. The independent clause in this sentence is broken up by a parenthetical remark, "in fact," which necessitates pauses surrounding it and is pronounced in a lower tone to show it's a different part of the sentence. There is a longer pause here between the dependent and independent clauses (where the comma would be).

My answer and reason.5. Although many people believe / that J.S. Bach /was a classical composer, //

Слайд 22Sounds of English
The purpose of this section is to help

learners of English with the pronunciation of specific sounds. On

these pages you will find:

Pictures of how your mouth looks when you say sounds.
A description of how to make the sound.
Audio recordings of some words with that sound (real media).

Sounds of EnglishThe purpose of this section is to help learners of English with the pronunciation of

Слайд 23The sounds in "heed" and "hid"
We make the sound in

"heed" (/i/) with our tongue very close to the top

of our mouth. We also spread our lips so it looks like we are smiling. You can see how Laurie looks like she is smiling
when she says /i/ in the picture.

When we make the sound in "hid" (/I/), we don't look as much like we are smiling, and our tongues are lower in our mouths. Here is a picture of our mouths so that you can compare where the tongue is for these two sounds.

Слайд 24Here is a video clip of this same vowel sound.

Notice how the speaker looks like she is smiling when

she says 'read.'

Here is a video clip of this same vowel sound. Notice how the speaker looks like she

Слайд 25Now let's listen to some sounds!
/i/ sounds:
/I/ sounds:
Meat

Sheep

Leak
Mitt

Ship

Lick

Слайд 26The sounds in "head" and "hate"
We make the sound in

"head" with our mouth open wider than for /i/ or

/I/ and our tongues not as close to the top of our mouths.

The sound in "hate" is actually a dipthong, which means it is a combination of the sounds /e/ and /I/. You can feel your tongue moving closer to the roof of your mouth when you say it.

"head" sounds:

head
shepherd
leg
met

"hate" sounds:

hate
shape
lake
mate