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Generation of Discourse

ConditionsCondition (parameter) is a certain indicator that may be a part of different type of speech and take any “value”, but remains unchanged within one and the same type of speech.Speaker

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Слайд 1Generation of Discourse:
NECESSARY CONDITIONS [Y.A. Levitsky]

Generation of Discourse:NECESSARY CONDITIONS [Y.A. Levitsky]

Слайд 2Conditions
Condition (parameter) is a certain indicator that may be a

part of different type of speech and take any “value”,

but remains unchanged within one and the same type of speech.
Speaker is the main parameter.
ConditionsCondition (parameter) is a certain indicator that may be a part of different type of speech and

Слайд 3The Communication Partners
It is a very general parameter → must

be divided into sub-parameters:


not quantitative, but functional


the partners
the speaker
gender, age,

nationality, marital status, place of residence, health, physical limitations, social status, profession, post, education, character traits, temper, manner of speech


The Communication PartnersIt is a very general parameter → must be divided into sub-parameters:not quantitative, but functionalthe

Слайд 4General Characteristics of the Speaker
focus on himself/herself — how the

speakers represent themselves to themselves, the recipient or the listener;
focus

on the recipient — how the speaker adjusts to the recipient;
focus on the listener — how the speaker takes into account the presence of other persons;
focus of the third party — those who is absent in the situation, but can be in the sphere of interests of the speaker or the listener;
focus on reality — reference
focus on propositional content — differs from the previous one, because propositions are not the fact of reality, but reflect it with the help of language
focus on linguistic means — the choice of the most appropriate means
General Characteristics of the Speakerfocus on himself/herself — how the speakers represent themselves to themselves, the recipient

Слайд 5Representation Type of the Speaker
The speaker may represent himself/herself, any

collective, or an administrative formation (country).
The main characteristic of the

speaker is the focus on the listener.
The listener:
the degree of activity: active / passive.
The relationships between the communication partners:
partners’ ranks: equal / not equal;
the degree of intimacy: informal / formal.
Representation Type of the SpeakerThe speaker may represent himself/herself, any collective, or  an administrative formation (country).The

Слайд 6The Situation of Communication
General character (normal / not normal).



Feedback (presence:

full, partial / absence).
spoken dialogue
spoken monologue
natural spoken dialogue and monologue
indirect

communication (phone talking)
The Situation of CommunicationGeneral character (normal / not normal).Feedback (presence: full, partial / absence).spoken dialoguespoken monologuenatural spoken

Слайд 7The Subject of Speech
The subject somehow influences the character of

chosen linguistic means, but the close examination of it is

unnecessary, because it is quite hard to evaluate different subjects quantitatively.
In general: absence / presence of the subject (casual everyday conversation).
The Subject of SpeechThe subject somehow influences the character of chosen linguistic means, but the close examination

Слайд 8The Purpose of Communication
practical communication
appeal, persuasion
special presentation
official
scientific
utilitarian
informative
stimulating
instructing
didactic [B. Havránek,

Л. Гобин]

The Purpose of Communicationpractical communicationappeal, persuasionspecial presentationofficialscientificutilitarianinformative stimulatinginstructingdidactic [B. Havránek, Л. Гобин]

Слайд 9The Form of Communication
imaginative (belles-letters): lyric / dramatic / epic;
not

imaginative: unregulated / regulated (strictly / not strictly).
natural dialogue
interview
interrogation

The Form of Communicationimaginative (belles-letters): lyric / dramatic / epic;not imaginative: unregulated / regulated (strictly / not

Слайд 10The Lack of Time
It characterizes only spontaneous natural everyday dialogue.

The

spontaneous dialogue is mainly conducted with the help of usual

clichés.
The Lack of TimeIt characterizes only spontaneous natural everyday dialogue.The spontaneous dialogue is mainly conducted with the

Слайд 11Thank you for your attention!

Thank you for your attention!

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