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MAIN trends in phoneme theory презентация, доклад

PHYSICAL VIEW A phoneme may be described roughly as a family of sounds consisting of an important sound of the language (generally the most frequently used member of that family) together with

Слайды и текст этой презентации

Слайд 1MAIN TRENDS IN PHONEME THEORY
PHYSICAL VIEW
FUNCTIONAL VIEW

MAIN TRENDS IN PHONEME THEORYPHYSICAL VIEWFUNCTIONAL VIEW

Слайд 2PHYSICAL VIEW
A phoneme may be described roughly as a family

of sounds consisting of an important sound of the language

(generally the most frequently used member of that family) together with other related sounds which 'take its place' in particular sound-sequences or under particular conditions of length or stress or intonation.
– Daniel Jones,
“An Outline of English Phonetics”


THE MATERIAL ASPECT OF THE PHONEME

PHYSICAL VIEW	A phoneme may be described roughly as a family of sounds consisting of an important sound

Слайд 3
A phoneme is a class of phonetically similar sounds, contrasting

and mutually exclusive with all similar classes in the language.

B. Bloch and G. Trager

PHYSICAL VIEW


THE MATERIAL ASPECT OF THE PHONEME

A phoneme is a class of phonetically similar sounds, contrasting and mutually exclusive with all similar classes

Слайд 4Lena cleans a pool.
[lʲi:nə klʲ˳i:nz ə pʰu:ɫ]

lʲ, lʲ˳, ɫ -

members of the “family” of the phoneme /l/.


PHONETIC SIMILARITY:
ALVEOLAR
LATERAL
CONSONANT
PHONETIC

CONTEXT:
LIGHT [l] – BEFORE VOWELS
DARK [ɫ] – BEFORE CONSONANTS AND WORD-FINALLY
Lena cleans a pool.[lʲi:nə klʲ˳i:nz ə pʰu:ɫ]lʲ, lʲ˳, ɫ - members of the “family” of the phoneme

Слайд 5CRITISIZING
A phoneme is a mechanical sum of its allophones.

This definition

is vulgarly materialistic and metaphysical.
The phoneme cannot be defined as

the sum total of all its allophones, though it includes all of them.
CRITISIZING	A phoneme is a mechanical sum of its allophones.This definition is vulgarly materialistic and metaphysical.The phoneme cannot

Слайд 6TO SUM UP
A phoneme is a family of related speech

sounds.
Supporters: D. Jones, B. Bloch, G. Trager
Based on the

material aspect.

NO REGARD to functional and abstract aspects.

TO SUM UPA phoneme is a family of related speech sounds. Supporters: D. Jones,  B. Bloch,

Слайд 7FUNCTIONAL VIEW

A phoneme is the minimal sound unit by which

meanings may be differentiated without much regard to actually pronounced

sounds. Meaning differentiation is taken to be a defining characteristic of phoneme.
___________________
A phoneme is a bundle of distinctive features.

FUNCTIONAL VIEW		A phoneme is the minimal sound unit by which meanings may be differentiated without much regard

Слайд 8R. JAKOBSON AND M. HALLE
DISTINCTIVE FEATURE THEORY
All features are privative

(i.e. binary).
There is a difference between phonetic and phonological features:
distinctive

features are phonological.
phonetic features are surface realizations of underlying phonological features.
A small set of features is able to differentiate between the phonemes of any single language.
Distinctive features may be defined in terms of articulatory or acoustic features.
R. JAKOBSON AND M. HALLEDISTINCTIVE FEATURE THEORYAll features are privative (i.e. binary).There is a difference between phonetic

Слайд 9DISTINCTIVE FEATURES
In 1956, Jakobson and Halle devised 12 distinctive features.

E.g.,

the phoneme /m/ might be represented as a feature matrix
[+

sonorant]
[-continuant]
[+voiced]
[+nasal]
[+labial]
DISTINCTIVE FEATURESIn 1956, Jakobson and Halle devised 12 distinctive features.E.g., the phoneme /m/ might be represented as

Слайд 10TO SUM UP
A phoneme is a bundle of distinctive features.


Supporters: L. Bloomfield, R. Jakobson, M. Halle
Based on the

functional aspect.

NO REGARD to material and abstract aspects.

TO SUM UPA phoneme is a bundle of distinctive features. Supporters: L. Bloomfield,  R. Jakobson, M.

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