Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources: Hydropower Done by:402 group Nurlan

by: Boranbayev D.

Mechanical

inhabitants
Local climatic changes
Tectonic activities (Earthquakes)
Loss of

species (aquatic & terrestrial)
Loss of normal nutrient flow down river
Changes temperature of water, too

grind grain
No greenhouse gases
Initial construction provides jobs

world's electricity and supply more than 1 billion people with

power.
Hydropower is the second source of electricity in France.
In France it is 12% of the total electricity production, with an average production capacity of 70 TWh per year

Dam - Most hydropower plants rely on a dam that

holds back water, creating a large reservoir. Often, this reservoir is used as a recreational lake
Intake - Gates on the dam open and gravity pulls the water through the penstock, a pipeline that leads to the turbine. Water builds up pressure as it flows through this pipe
Turbine - The water strikes and turns the large blades of a turbine, which is attached to a generator above it by way of a shaft. The most common type of turbine for hydropower plants is the Francis Turbine, which looks like a big disc with curved blades. A turbine can weigh as much as 172 tons and turn at a rate of 90 revolutions per minute (rpm)
Generators - As the turbine blades turn, so do a series of magnets inside the generator. Giant magnets rotate past copper coils, producing alternating current (AC) by moving electrons.
Transformer - The transformer inside the powerhouse takes the AC and converts it to higher-voltage current
Power lines - Out of every power plant come four wires: the three phases of power being produced simultaneously plus a neutral or ground common to all three
Outflow - Used water is carried through pipelines, called tailraces, and re-enters the river downstream

system (or dam) and the run-of-the-river system.

Types of Hydropower Facilities

a reservoir. The water is released when needed through a

penstock, to drive the turbine.
This illustration shows the parts of a standard hydroelectric dam. Most large, high-head hydropower facilities use impoundments.

Impoundment System

flow and requires little or no impoundment. It may involve

a diversion of a portion of the stream through a canal or penstock, or it may involve placement of a turbine right in the stream channel. Run-of-the-river systems are often low-head.

that produce hundreds of megawatts of electricity and serve thousands

of families.
There are also small and micro hydropower plants that individuals can operate for their own energy needs. The Department of Energy classifies power plants by how much energy they are able to produce.

 

water!
Even here
in our desert home,