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Cell Division презентация, доклад

The Cell CycleCell cycle – regular sequence of growth and division that eukaryotic cells undergo.Prokaryotic cells undergo binary fissionDivided into three main stages:Interphase – cell grows into its mature size, makes

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Слайд 1Cell Division

Cell Division

Слайд 2The Cell Cycle
Cell cycle – regular sequence of growth and

division that eukaryotic cells undergo.
Prokaryotic cells undergo binary fission

Divided into

three main stages:
Interphase – cell grows into its mature size, makes a copy of its DNA, and prepares for division.
Mitosis – one copy of the DNA is distributed into each of its daughter cells
Cytokinesis – the cytoplasm divides and organelles are distributed into the two new cells
The Cell CycleCell cycle – regular sequence of growth and division that eukaryotic cells undergo.Prokaryotic cells undergo

Слайд 3Meiosis

Meiosis

Слайд 4Meiosis - the process of cell division that produces haploid

gametes (half the number of chromosomes: humans: 23)

Meiosis - the process of cell division that produces haploid gametes (half the number of chromosomes: humans:

Слайд 5Reduction Division
Since the sperm and the egg contain only half

the number of chromosomes, they cannot be formed from mitosis.

Meiosis

- the process of cell division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes as somatic cells
Cell undergoes 2 rounds of cell division:
Meiosis 1
Meiosis 2

Humans have 46 chromosomes in their somatic cells.
Reduction DivisionSince the sperm and the egg contain only half the number of chromosomes, they cannot be

Слайд 6Reduction Division

Reduction Division

Слайд 7Meiosis I
Preceded by Interphase- chromosomes are replicated to form sister

chromatids
Sister chromatids are genetically identical and joined at centromere

Meiosis IPreceded by Interphase- chromosomes are replicated to form sister chromatidsSister chromatids are genetically identical and joined

Слайд 9Prophase I
Individual chromosomes first become visible
homologous chromosomes become closely

associated in synapsis
crossing over occurs
Crossing over is a complex

series of events in which DNA segments are exchanged between nonsister or sister chromatids.

Prophase IIndividual chromosomes first become visible 	homologous chromosomes become closely associated in synapsis crossing over occursCrossing over

Слайд 10Metaphase I

The homologous chromosomes line up in the center of

the cell and are still held together

Metaphase IThe homologous chromosomes line up in the center of the cell and are still held together

Слайд 11Anaphase I
Spindle fibers shorten
The homologous chromosomes are separated (the sister

chromatids are still paired)

Anaphase ISpindle fibers shortenThe homologous chromosomes are separated (the sister chromatids are still paired)

Слайд 12Telophase I
The nuclear membrane reforms around each daughter nucleus
Each new

cell now contains two sister chromatids that are NOT identical

due to crossing over
Telophase IThe nuclear membrane reforms around each daughter nucleusEach new cell now contains two sister chromatids that

Слайд 13At the end of Meiosis I…
You have made 2 cells

Each

cell contains a haploid number of chromosomes – 1 copy

of each chromosome
(for humans, each haploid cell has 23 chromosomes)





No DNA replication occurs between Meiosis I and Meiosis I
Meiosis II resembles normal, mitotic division
At the end of Meiosis I…You have made 2 cellsEach cell contains a haploid number of chromosomes

Слайд 14Prophase II
Nuclear membrane breaks down again

Prophase IINuclear membrane breaks down again

Слайд 15Metaphase II
The chromosomes line up in the middle of the

cell.

Metaphase IIThe chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

Слайд 16Anaphase II
The spindle fibers shorten and the sister chromatids move

to opposite poles.

Anaphase IIThe spindle fibers shorten and the sister chromatids move to opposite poles.

Слайд 17Telophase II
Nuclear envelope re-forms around the four sets of daughter

chromosomes.

Telophase IINuclear envelope re-forms around the four sets of daughter chromosomes.

Слайд 18At the end of Meiosis II…
At the end of Meiosis

II, there are 4 haploid cells. (only 1 copy of

each chromosome)
(for humans, each haploid cell has 23 chromosomes)



No two of these haploid cells are alike due to crossing over.
This is why you and your siblings are genetically unique!
At the end of Meiosis II…At the end of Meiosis II, there are 4 haploid cells. (only

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