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Chapter 1 The Role of Managerial Finance
Содержание
- 1. Chapter 1 The Role of Managerial Finance
- 2. Learning GoalsLG1 Define finance and the managerial
- 3. Learning Goals (cont.)LG4 Describe how the managerial
- 4. What is Finance?Finance can be defined as
- 5. Career Opportunities in Finance: Financial ServicesFinancial Services
- 6. Career Opportunities in Finance: Managerial FinanceManagerial finance
- 7. Career Opportunities in Finance: Managerial Finance (cont.)The
- 8. Focus on PracticeProfessional Certifications in Finance:Chartered Financial
- 9. Focus on Practice (cont.)Professional Certifications in Finance:American
- 10. Legal Forms of Business OrganizationA sole proprietorship
- 11. Table 1.1 Strengths and Weaknesses of the Common Legal Forms of Business Organization
- 12. Matter of Fact
- 13. Figure 1.1 Corporate Organization
- 14. Table 1.2 Career Opportunities in Managerial Finance
- 15. Goal of the Firm: Maximize Shareholder
- 16. Goal of the Firm: Maximize Profit?Profit
- 17. Goal of the Firm: What About
- 18. The Role of Business EthicsBusiness ethics are
- 19. The Role of Business Ethics: Considering EthicsRobert
- 20. The Role of Business Ethics: Ethics
- 21. Managerial Finance FunctionThe size and importance of
- 22. Figure 1.1 Corporate Organization
- 23. Managerial Finance Function: Relationship to EconomicsThe field
- 24. Managerial Finance Function: Relationship to Economics (cont.)Marginal
- 25. Managerial Finance Function: Relationship to Economics (cont.)Nord
- 26. Managerial Finance Function: Relationship to AccountingThe firm’s
- 27. Managerial Finance Function: Relationship to Accounting (cont.)Whether
- 28. Managerial Finance Function: Relationship to Accounting (cont.)The
- 29. Managerial Finance Function: Relationship to Accounting (cont.)Now
- 30. Managerial Finance Function: Relationship to Accounting (cont.)Finance
- 31. Figure 1.3 Financial Activities
- 32. Governance and Agency: Corporate GovernanceCorporate governance
- 33. Governance and Agency: Individual versus Institutional
- 34. Governance and Agency: Government RegulationGovernment regulation
- 35. Governance and Agency: Government RegulationThe Sarbanes-Oxley
- 36. Governance and Agency: The Agency IssueA
- 37. The Agency Issue: Management Compensation PlansIn
- 38. The Agency Issue: Management Compensation PlansIncentive
- 39. Matter of Fact—Forbes.com CEO Performance vs. Pay
- 40. The Agency Issue: The Threat of TakeoverWhen
- 41. Скачать презентанцию
Learning GoalsLG1 Define finance and the managerial finance function.LG2 Describe the legal forms of business organization.LG3 Describe the goal of the firm, and explain why maximizing the value of the firm
Слайды и текст этой презентации
Слайд 2Learning Goals
LG1 Define finance and the managerial finance function.
LG2 Describe
the legal forms of business organization.
the firm, and explain why maximizing the value of the firm is an appropriate goal for a business.
Слайд 3Learning Goals (cont.)
LG4 Describe how the managerial finance function is
related to economics and accounting.
LG5 Identify the primary activities of
the financial manager.LG6 Describe the nature of the principle-agent relationship between the owners and managers of a corporation, and explain how various corporate governance mechanisms attempt to manage agency problems.
Слайд 4What is Finance?
Finance can be defined as the science and
art of managing money.
At the personal level, finance is concerned
with individuals’ decisions about:how much of their earnings they spend
how much they save
how they invest their savings
In a business context, finance involves:
how firms raise money from investors
how firms invest money in an attempt to earn a profit
how firms decide whether to reinvest profits in the business or distribute them back to investors.
Слайд 5Career Opportunities in Finance: Financial Services
Financial Services is the area
of finance concerned with the design and delivery of advice
and financial products to individuals, businesses, and governments.Career opportunities include:
banking
personal financial planning
Investments
real estate
insurance
Слайд 6Career Opportunities in Finance: Managerial Finance
Managerial finance is concerned with
the duties of the financial manager working in a business.
Financial
managers administer the financial affairs of all types of businesses—private and public, large and small, profit-seeking and not-for-profit. Tasks include:developing a financial plan or budget
extending credit to customers
evaluating proposed large expenditures
raising money to fund the firm’s operations.
Слайд 7Career Opportunities in Finance: Managerial Finance (cont.)
The recent global financial
crisis and subsequent responses by governmental regulators, increased global competition,
and rapid technological change also increase the importance and complexity of the financial manager’s duties.Increasing globalization has increased demand for financial experts who can manage cash flows in different currencies and protect against the risks that naturally arise from international transactions.
Слайд 8Focus on Practice
Professional Certifications in Finance:
Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) –
Offered by the CFA Institute, the CFA program is a
graduate-level course of study focused primarily on the investments side of finance.Certified Treasury Professional (CTP) – The CTP program requires students to pass a single exam that is focused on the knowledge and skills needed for those working in a corporate treasury department.
Certified Financial Planner (CFP) – To obtain CFP status, students must pass a ten-hour exam covering a wide range of topics related to personal financial planning.
Слайд 9Focus on Practice (cont.)
Professional Certifications in Finance:
American Academy of Financial
Management (AAFM) – The AAFM administers certifications including the Charter
Portfolio Manager, Chartered Asset Manager, Certified Risk Analyst, Certified Cost Accountant, and Certified Credit Analyst.Professional Certifications in Accounting –Professional certifications in accounting include the Certified Public Accountant (CPA), Certified Management Accountant (CMA), and Certified Internal Auditor (CIA).
Слайд 10Legal Forms of Business Organization
A sole proprietorship is a business
owned by one person and operated for his or her
own profit.A partnership is a business owned by two or more people and operated for profit.
A corporation is an entity created by law. Corporations have the legal powers of an individual in that it can sue and be sued, make and be party to contracts, and acquire property in its own name.
Слайд 15Goal of the Firm:
Maximize Shareholder Wealth
Decision rule for managers:
only take actions that are expected to increase the share
price.Figure 1.2 Share Price Maximization Financial decisions and share price
Слайд 16Goal of the Firm:
Maximize Profit?
Profit maximization may not lead
to the highest possible share price for at least three
reasons:Timing is important—the receipt of funds sooner rather than later is preferred
Profits do not necessarily result in cash flows available to stockholders
Profit maximization fails to account for risk
Which Investment is Preferred?
Слайд 17Goal of the Firm:
What About Stakeholders?
Stakeholders are groups such
as employees, customers, suppliers, creditors, owners, and others who have
a direct economic link to the firm.A firm with a stakeholder focus consciously avoids actions that would prove detrimental to stakeholders. The goal is not to maximize stakeholder well-being but to preserve it.
Such a view is considered to be "socially responsible."
Слайд 18The Role of Business Ethics
Business ethics are the standards of
conduct or moral judgment that apply to persons engaged in
commerce.Violations of these standards in finance involve a variety of actions: “creative accounting,” earnings management, misleading financial forecasts, insider trading, fraud, excessive executive compensation, options backdating, bribery, and kickbacks.
Negative publicity often leads to negative impacts on a firm
Слайд 19The Role of Business Ethics: Considering Ethics
Robert A. Cooke, a
noted ethicist, suggests that the following questions be used to
assess the ethical viability of a proposed action:Is the action arbitrary or capricious? Does the action unfairly single out an individual or group?
Does the action affect the morals, or legal rights of any individual or group?
Does the action conform to accepted moral standards?
Are there alternative courses of action that are less likely to cause actual or potential harm?
Слайд 20The Role of Business Ethics:
Ethics and Share Price
Ethics programs
seek to:
reduce litigation and judgment costs
maintain a positive corporate image
build
shareholder confidencegain the loyalty and respect of all stakeholders
The expected result of such programs is to positively affect the firm’s share price.
Слайд 21Managerial Finance Function
The size and importance of the managerial finance
function depends on the size of the firm.
In small firms,
the finance function is generally performed by the accounting department.As a firm grows, the finance function typically evolves into a separate department linked directly to the company president or CEO through the chief financial officer (CFO) (see Figure 1.1).
Слайд 23Managerial Finance Function: Relationship to Economics
The field of finance is
closely related to economics.
Financial managers must understand the economic framework
and be alert to the consequences of varying levels of economic activity and changes in economic policy. They must also be able to use economic theories as guidelines for efficient business operation.
marginal cost–benefit analysis
Слайд 24Managerial Finance Function: Relationship to Economics (cont.)
Marginal cost–benefit analysis is
the economic principle that states that financial decisions should be
made and actions taken only when the added benefits exceed the added costsMarginal cost-benefit analysis can be illustrated using the following simple example.
Слайд 25Managerial Finance Function: Relationship to Economics (cont.)
Nord Department Stores is
applying marginal-cost benefit analysis to decide whether to replace a
computer:
Слайд 26Managerial Finance Function: Relationship to Accounting
The firm’s finance and accounting
activities are closely-related and generally overlap.
In small firms accountants often
carry out the finance function, and in large firms financial analysts often help compile accounting information.One major difference in perspective and emphasis between finance and accounting is that accountants generally use the accrual method while in finance, the focus is on cash flows.
Слайд 27Managerial Finance Function: Relationship to Accounting (cont.)
Whether a firm earns
a profit or experiences a loss, it must have a
sufficient flow of cash to meet its obligations as they come due.The significance of this difference can be illustrated using the following simple example.
Слайд 28Managerial Finance Function: Relationship to Accounting (cont.)
The Nassau Corporation experienced
the following activity last year:
Sales: $100,000 (1 yacht sold, 100%
still uncollected)Costs: $80,000 (all paid in full under supplier terms)
Слайд 29Managerial Finance Function: Relationship to Accounting (cont.)
Now contrast the differences
in performance under the accounting method (accrual basis) versus the
financial view (cash basis):
Слайд 30Managerial Finance Function: Relationship to Accounting (cont.)
Finance and accounting also
differ with respect to decision-making:
Accountants devote most of their attention
to the collection and presentation of financial data. Financial managers evaluate the accounting statements, develop additional data, and make decisions on the basis of their assessment of the associated returns and risks.
Слайд 32Governance and Agency:
Corporate Governance
Corporate governance refers to the rules,
processes, and laws by which companies are operated, controlled, and
regulated.It defines the rights and responsibilities of the corporate participants such as the shareholders, board of directors, officers and managers, and other stakeholders, as well as the rules and procedures for making corporate decisions.
The structure of corporate governance was previously described in Figure 1.1.
Слайд 33Governance and Agency:
Individual versus Institutional Investors
Individual investors are investors
who own relatively small quantities of shares so as to
meet personal investment goals.Institutional investors are investment professionals, such as banks, insurance companies, mutual funds, and pension funds, that are paid to manage and hold large quantities of securities on behalf of others.
Unlike individual investors, institutional investors often monitor and directly influence a firm’s corporate governance by exerting pressure on management to perform or communicating their concerns to the firm’s board.
Слайд 34Governance and Agency:
Government Regulation
Government regulation generally shapes the corporate
governance of all firms.
During the recent decade, corporate governance
has received increased attention due to several high-profile corporate scandals involving abuse of corporate power and, in some cases, alleged criminal activity by corporate officers.
Слайд 35Governance and Agency:
Government Regulation
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002:
established
an oversight board to monitor the accounting industry;
tightened audit regulations
and controls; toughened penalties against executives who commit corporate fraud;
strengthened accounting disclosure requirements and ethical guidelines for corporate officers;
established corporate board structure and membership guidelines;
established guidelines with regard to analyst conflicts of interest;
mandated instant disclosure of stock sales by corporate executives;
increased securities regulation authority and budgets for auditors and investigators.
Слайд 36Governance and Agency:
The Agency Issue
A principal-agent relationship is an
arrangement in which an agent acts on the behalf of
a principal. For example, shareholders of a company (principals) elect management (agents) to act on their behalf.Agency problems arise when managers place personal goals ahead of the goals of shareholders.
Agency costs arise from agency problems that are borne by shareholders and represent a loss of shareholder wealth.
Слайд 37The Agency Issue:
Management Compensation Plans
In addition to the roles
played by corporate boards, institutional investors, and government regulations, corporate
governance can be strengthened by ensuring that managers’ interests are aligned with those of shareholders.A common approach is to structure management compensation to correspond with firm performance.
Слайд 38The Agency Issue:
Management Compensation Plans
Incentive plans are management compensation
plans that tie management compensation to share price; one example
involves the granting of stock options.Performance plans tie management compensation to measures such as EPS or growth in EPS. Performance shares and/or cash bonuses are used as compensation under these plans.
Слайд 40The Agency Issue: The Threat of Takeover
When a firm’s internal
corporate governance structure is unable to keep agency problems in
check, it is likely that rival managers will try to gain control of the firm.The threat of takeover by another firm, which believes it can enhance the troubled firm’s value by restructuring its management, operations, and financing, can provide a strong source of external corporate governance.
