European Integration History: Phases, Results and Achievements. Political

Karina Kostiantynivna Barantseva, Ph.D., Associate Professor

European Integration
1.1. Globalization and Europeanization of Contemporary World. EU

in the Global World.
1.2. European Idea and Phases of European Integration.
1.3. Theory of European Integration.

Development of the EU.
2.2. European Union Security and Defence Policy.
2.3.

European Union Justice and Home Affairs Policy.
3. European Integration Achievements and Debates about its Future.

World.
Globalization – what is that?
The EU in the international system.
Understanding

the process of integration.
Explaining the EU today.

with global production and consumption patterns gradually ironing out the

differences between peoples and societies.
Globalization is the process of cultural approaching, close connections of different cultural, civilization and social worlds, that causes integration and disintegration processes at the same time, irons out differences by muss consumption and forces people to recall their traditional identity and to create new types of identity.

qualities:
It operates within a fixed territory marked by borders, and

controls the movement of people, money, goods, and services across those borders.
It has sovereignty over that territory and over the people and resources within its borders, and has the sole right to impose laws and taxes within its borders.
It is legally and politically independent, and both creates and operates the system of government under which its residents live.
It has legitimacy, meaning that it is normally recognized both by its people and by other states as having jurisdiction and authority within its territory.

of states, the boundaries between them have often changed, become

more porous, or been removed altogether, for a variety of reasons:
States may be brought together by force, as they were in Europe by Napoleon and Hitler.
They may come together out of the need for security in the face of a common external threat, as did the members of NATO during the cold war.
They may share common values and goals, and agree to cooperate or share resources in selected areas, as have the Nordic states on transport, education, and passports.
They may decide that they can promote peace and improve their quality of life more successfully by working together rather than separately, as have the members of the United Nations.

continuum between an international organization and a state, and has

been moving away from the former and closer to the latter. But just where it sits on that continuum has been a matter for intense debate:
It has many of the typical features of an international organization, in that membership of the EU is voluntary, the balance of sovereignty lies with the member states, decision making is consultative, and the procedures used to direct the work of the EU are based on consent rather than compulsion.
It also has many of the typical features of a state: it has internationally recognized borders, there is a European system of law to which all member states are subject, it has authority that impacts the lives of Europeans, the balance of responsibility and power in many policy areas has shifted to the European level, and in some areas - such as trade - the EU functions as a unit, has become all but sovereign, and is recognized by other states as a legitimate player.