Evolution: Artificial Selection

Содержание

1. Evolution: Artificial Selection
2. Слайд 2
3. Слайд 3
4. Terminology
5. Слайд 5
6. Слайд 6
7. Слайд 7
8. Non-Random Mating – small population have less
9. Hybridization is the process of crossing genetically
10. Steps of Artificial Selection1. Humans decide trait
11. The evolution of corn by Artificial Selection
12. Слайд 12
13. Artificial Selection – hybrid Banana’s that have
14. No Isolation – sterile hybrid is formed
15. These were all created by Artificial SelectionFrom this plant.Wild mustard Sinapis arvensisHOW?
16. Слайд 16
17. Artificial
18. Most of these VARIATIONS of canis lupusfamiliaris are created through artificial selection
19. Notice any differences?Animal Articial Selection
20. Слайд 20
21. Belgian Blue cattle ... they have a
22. 1. How as artificial selection improved these
23. What trait was artificially selected for in this cow?
24. Success Criteria1. Define hybrid, inbreeding and outbreeding
25. Choose One to InvestigateCrop PlantsWheatMilletCarrotsPotatoesBroccoli AnimalsHorses Sheep
26. Make 1-2 slide presentation that clearly
27. Слайд 27
28. Скачать презентанцию

Terminology

Слайды и текст этой презентации

Слайд 1Evolution: Artificial Selection
Learning Objective
11.2.5.1 Explore ways to improve agricultural plants

and animals using the methods of breeding.
Success Criteria
Define hybrid,

inbreeding and outbreeding
Identify two plants and explain how they have been bred to increase certain traits (mustard plant – cauliflower – flowers, and stems celery)
Identify two animals and explain how they have been bred to increase certain traits (cow – milk, meat)

Evolution: Artificial Selection Learning Objective11.2.5.1 Explore ways to improve agricultural plants and animals using the methods of

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Слайд 3

Слайд 4Terminology

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Слайд 8Non-Random Mating – small population have less gene flow, less

randomness to mate, this can cause a decrease in frequency

of allele in a population.

Random
Mating

Non- Random
Mating

-Only certain individual organisms can mate
gene pool is small due to these organisms producing more offspring with only their genes
evolutionary effects
-less alleles in a population gene pool
-less chance for evolutionary change
-more chance of extinction

Слайд 9Hybridization
is the process of crossing genetically different individuals to

produce offspring
increases the heterozygous alleles
two

different species are involved
Alleles of offspring are much different that their parents
Less probability of genetic mutations
Post-zygotic hybrid problems

Inbreeding
is the crossing of two closely related parents (genetically the same), or close relatives, who share very similar alleles.
increases the amount of homozygous alleles.
One species involved
Alleles of offspring are very similar to parents
High probability of genetic mutations

Outbreeding
is the crossing of two parents that are not related and have very different alleles.
increases the amount of heterozygous alleles.
One species involved
Alleles of offspring are very different to parents
Low probability of genetic mutations

Hybridization is the process of crossing genetically different individuals to produce offspring increases

Слайд 10Steps of Artificial Selection
1. Humans decide trait or characteristic of

interest.
2. Breed the choices together
3. Choose offspring with ideal

characteristics to mate
Repeat for many generations
The allelic frequency for the characteristic increases.
6. Decide what type of selection is occurring in the population
Selective, Directional, Disruptive

Steps of Artificial Selection1. Humans decide trait or characteristic of interest.2. Breed the choices together 3. Choose

Слайд 11The evolution of corn by Artificial Selection

Слайд 12

Слайд 13Artificial Selection – hybrid Banana’s that have been bred until

they have no seeds. All bananas are CLONES! Low genetic

variation less success…..

In contrast to natural selection artificial selection is intentional breeding or organisms for certain favorable traits, or combination of traits.

Artificial Selection – hybrid Banana’s that have been bred until they have no seeds. All bananas are

Слайд 14No Isolation – sterile hybrid is formed

Слайд 15These were all created by Artificial Selection
From this plant.
Wild mustard

Sinapis arvensis

HOW?

Слайд 16

Слайд 17 Artificial

Selection

In contrast to natural selection this is the
intentional breeding or organisms for certain favorable traits, or ombination of traits.

Broccoli: Flower development is suppressed

Cauliflower: flowers are sterile

Cabbage: selection for the terminal bud (head only forms)

Kale: selection is for leaves only

Undomesticated
banana-lots of seeds compared
to artificially
selected with little to no seeds

Слайд 18Most of these VARIATIONS of canis lupus
familiaris are created through

artificial selection

Слайд 19Notice any differences?
Animal Articial Selection

Слайд 20

Слайд 21Belgian Blue cattle ... they have a mutation that creates

twice the muscle tissue. Calves are so big that Caesarian

births are standard.

Belgian Blue cattle ... they have a mutation that creates twice the muscle tissue. Calves are so

Слайд 221. How as artificial selection improved these cows?
Is it

an improvement that the cow would be ‘selected’ for if

released into the wild?
Reproductive success?

1. How as artificial selection improved these cows? Is it an improvement that the cow would be

Слайд 23What trait was artificially selected for in this cow?

Слайд 24Success Criteria
1. Define hybrid, inbreeding and outbreeding
2. Identify two

plants and explain how they have been bred to increase

certain traits (mustard plant , corn)

3. Identify two animals and explain how they have been bred to increase certain traits (cow – milk, meat)

Success Criteria1. Define hybrid, inbreeding and outbreeding 2. Identify two plants and explain how they have been

Слайд 25Choose One to Investigate
Crop Plants
Wheat
Millet
Carrots
Potatoes
Broccoli

Animals
Horses
Sheep
Goats
Cattle
Dogs

Cats

11.2.5.1 Explore ways to improve agricultural plants and animals using

the methods of breeding

Choose One to InvestigateCrop PlantsWheatMilletCarrotsPotatoesBroccoli AnimalsHorses Sheep Goats Cattle Dogs Cats11.2.5.1 Explore ways to improve agricultural plants

Слайд 26Make 1-2 slide presentation that clearly investigates artificial

selection
Criteria
√ Name the trait that was selected.

√ Tell why the trait was selected
√ Clear use of terminology explaining the mechanism.
√ Picture of before artificial selection and after artificial selection.
√ Work shows understanding of differences between the two types of artificial selection.

You are investigating inbreeding and hybrids as method of artificial selection, not genetic engineering or Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)

Make 1-2 slide presentation that clearly investigates artificial selection Criteria √ Name the trait

Слайд 27

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Evolution: Artificial Selection

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Слайд 1Evolution: Artificial Selection Learning Objective11.2.5.1 Explore ways to improve agricultural plants

and animals using the methods of breeding. Success CriteriaDefine hybrid,

Слайд 4Terminology

Слайд 8Non-Random Mating – small population have less gene flow, less

randomness to mate, this can cause a decrease in frequency

Слайд 9Hybridization is the process of crossing genetically different individuals to

produce offspring increases the heterozygous allelestwo

Слайд 10Steps of Artificial Selection1. Humans decide trait or characteristic of

interest.2. Breed the choices together 3. Choose offspring with ideal

Слайд 11The evolution of corn by Artificial Selection

Слайд 13Artificial Selection – hybrid Banana’s that have been bred until

they have no seeds. All bananas are CLONES! Low genetic

Слайд 14No Isolation – sterile hybrid is formed

Слайд 15These were all created by Artificial SelectionFrom this plant.Wild mustard

Sinapis arvensisHOW?

Слайд 17 Artificial

Слайд 18Most of these VARIATIONS of canis lupusfamiliaris are created through