Filtration

Содержание

1. Filtration
2. Filtration 1. Remove Cuttings From The
3. FiltrationFiltrate Invasion: 1. ENSURE ADEQUATE FORMATION EVALUATION. 2. MAINTAIN WELLBORE STABILITY. 3. MINIMIZE
4. FiltrationOccurs when the hydrostatic pressure of the
5. FiltrationA FILTER CAKE is formed on the
6. FiltrationDYNAMIC FILTRATION- Occurs when the mud is
7. Fluid loss - MeasurementAPI StandardCC’s of FILTRATE
8. HTHP - Fluid loss - MeasurementCC’s of
9. FiltrationFiltration – Dynamic HPHT Filtration SystemThe Fann
10. FiltrationFactors affecting filtrationTIMETEMPERATUREPRESSURESOLIDSTypeHydrationDeflocculation and dispersionPOROSITY, PERMEABILITY, SORTING
11. Fluid loss - calculation To convert a
12. FiltrationThe Volumetric Fraction of Formation Not Occupied
13. FiltrationThe Ability of a Formation to Transmit
14. Sorting Good sorting with Large Pore Spaces Yields
15. Well sorted sandstoneGood porosity and permeabilityLarge pore space gives high porosity and permeability.
16. Poor sortingMuch lower porosity and permeabilityPoorly sorted sandstone. Has much lower porosity and permeability.
17. FiltrationIDEALLY – A THIN & IMPERMEABLE CAKE
18. Filter cake
19. Filter cake
20. Filter cake composition (2.6 sg) X( 8.334
21. Filter cake composition100 ppb Diaseal-M (2.6 sg)
22. FiltrationDiatomsMICROSCOPICOne - Celled Marine AlgaeWithHard Glasslike Cell
23. Diatoms
24. Filter cake composition 50 ppb Diaseal-M (2.6 sg) X(
25. Filtration1. Add 27.0 ppb M-I Gel To 350
26. Filter cake
27. FiltrationSolids Entering Pore Openings.Filtrate Containing Damaging Polymers.Filtrate
28. Solids control - how?17.5” hole to 3,000’=
29. Solids handlingTypesMechanicalChemical
30. Circulating system
31. Solids handlingDrilling Fluid Polymers That Will Encapsulate Drill SolidsPHPA Type PolymersSelective FlocculantsHydration SuppressantsKla-GardKla-CureChemical
32. Choosing Fluid Loss Control Products Can it be
33. Fluid Loss Control ProductsClayPolymersChemical thinnersTypes
34. Fluid Loss Control ProductsSize and form of particlesCompressibility under pressureClay
35. Fluid Loss Control ProductsBinding of free water
36. Fluid Loss Control ProductsPolymersStarchMY-LO-JELPOLYSALTHERMAC ULCelluloseCMCPOLYPAC R/UL/ELVPolyacrylateSP 101
37. Fluid Loss Control ProductsReagent adsorption on a surface of clay particlesDispersionQUEBRACHOTANNATHINSPERSENE XP-20Chemical thinners
38. Improper filtration controlFILTRATE Washout and ledge formation Formation evaluation problems Formation damageCAKE Tight spots Stuck pipe Pressure surges Cementing problemsProblems:
39. Proper filtration controlControlling solidsAmountTypeUsing the correct products
40. Most important!!!Your Questions?
41. Скачать презентанцию

Filtration 1. Remove Cuttings From The Well. 2. Control Formation Pressure. 3. Suspend And Release Cuttings. 4. SEAL PERMEABLE FORMATIONS. 5. MAINTAIN WELLBORE STABILITY. 6.

Слайды и текст этой презентации

Слайд 1Filtration
Maxim Frolov
Instructor

Слайд 2Filtration
1. Remove Cuttings From The Well.
2.

Control Formation Pressure.
3. Suspend And Release Cuttings.

4. SEAL PERMEABLE FORMATIONS.
5. MAINTAIN WELLBORE STABILITY.
6. MINIMIZE RESERVOIR DAMAGE.
7. Cool, Lubricate And Support The Bit And Drilling Assembly.
8. Transmit Hydraulic Energy To Tools And Bit.
9. ENSURE ADEQUATE FORMATION EVALUATION.
10. Control Corrosion.
11. FACILITATE CEMENTING AND COMPLETION.
12. Minimize Impact On Environment.
13. Prevent Gas Hydrate Formation.

The functions of drilling fluids

Filtration 1. Remove Cuttings From The Well. 2. Control Formation Pressure. 3. Suspend And

Слайд 3Filtration
Filtrate Invasion:
1. ENSURE ADEQUATE FORMATION EVALUATION.
2. MAINTAIN WELLBORE STABILITY.
3. MINIMIZE RESERVOIR DAMAGE.

Filter Cake

Formation:
4. SEAL PERMEABLE FORMATIONS.
5. FACILITATE CEMENTING AND COMPLETION.

Functions of a Drilling Fluid

Related to Filtration

FiltrationFiltrate Invasion: 1. ENSURE ADEQUATE FORMATION EVALUATION. 2. MAINTAIN WELLBORE STABILITY. 3. MINIMIZE RESERVOIR DAMAGE.Filter Cake Formation: 4. SEAL PERMEABLE FORMATIONS. 5. FACILITATE CEMENTING AND COMPLETION.Functions of

Слайд 4Filtration

Occurs when the hydrostatic pressure of the mud exceeds the

Formation pressure, and there are adequate solids in the mud

To form a filter cake.

FILTRATION - The loss of FILTRATE to a porous and permeable formation

FiltrationOccurs when the hydrostatic pressure of the mud exceeds the Formation pressure, and there are adequate solids

Слайд 5Filtration

A FILTER CAKE is formed on the face of the

well bore. Many times it forms inside the formation, depending

on the characteristics of the formation.

The composition of this cake is determined by the SOLIDS in the mud.

…

FiltrationA FILTER CAKE is formed on the face of the well bore. Many times it forms inside

Слайд 6Filtration

DYNAMIC FILTRATION- Occurs when the mud is circulating

STATIC FILTRATION- Occurs

when the mud is not circulating

API (standard)

API - HTHP

Two types

of filtration

FiltrationDYNAMIC FILTRATION- Occurs when the mud is circulatingSTATIC FILTRATION- Occurs when the mud is not circulatingAPI (standard)API

Слайд 7Fluid loss - Measurement
API Standard
CC’s of FILTRATE collected: (static) @

100

psi

30 minutes

ambient temperature

7.5 sq... in. #50 Watman paper

Fluid loss - MeasurementAPI StandardCC’s of FILTRATE collected: (static) @100 psi30 minutesambient temperature7.5 sq... in. #50 Watman

Слайд 8HTHP - Fluid loss - Measurement
CC’s of FILTRATE collected X

2 (static)

30 minutes

300°F

3.75 sq. in. #50 Watman paper

500 psi

- Differential Pressure

600 psi - TOP

100 psi - BOTTOM (back pressure)

HTHP - Fluid loss - MeasurementCC’s of FILTRATE collected X 2 (static)30 minutes300°F3.75 sq. in. #50 Watman

Слайд 9Filtration
Filtration – Dynamic HPHT Filtration System
The Fann Model 90 Dynamic

HPHT® filtration system is the industry’s only true dynamic filtration

system for conducting filter cake formation and permeability analysis for drilling fluids optimization. Utilizing a wide range Filtration System can be heated and pressurized downhole conditions. Safety features have been designed into the system to protect the user and help ensure reliable test results.
The Model 90 system is fully automatic with a built-in computer controller. Through menu-driven software, the user can establish up to 20 sequence steps to program the following testing parameters: Temperature; Pressure; Differential pressure; Shear rate.

FiltrationFiltration – Dynamic HPHT Filtration SystemThe Fann Model 90 Dynamic HPHT® filtration system is the industry’s only

Слайд 10Filtration
Factors affecting filtration

TIME
TEMPERATURE
PRESSURE

SOLIDS
Type
Hydration
Deflocculation and dispersion

POROSITY, PERMEABILITY, SORTING

FiltrationFactors affecting filtrationTIMETEMPERATUREPRESSURESOLIDSTypeHydrationDeflocculation and dispersionPOROSITY, PERMEABILITY, SORTING

Слайд 11Fluid loss - calculation
To convert a fluid loss value

in (X) minutes to a 30 minute API Value:

Example:

Converts FL

in any time to FL / 30 min

Fluid loss - calculation To convert a fluid loss value in (X) minutes to a 30 minute

Слайд 12Filtration
The Volumetric Fraction of Formation Not Occupied by Solids
Two types

of porosity:

Absolute - Volume not occupied by solids

Effective - Interconnected

spaces

Porosity

Слайд 13Filtration
The Ability of a Formation to Transmit Fluid (Through the

Inter-Connecting Pore Spaces)
Types of Permeability
Vertical Fracture Permeability - Limestones, Chalks,

and Some Shales

Matrix Permeability - Sand or Sandstone

Permeability

Слайд 14Sorting
Good sorting with Large Pore Spaces Yields Good Porosity. And

High Permeability.

Poor sorting yields smaller pore spaces and lower permeability.

Controls

porosity & permeability

Sorting Good sorting with Large Pore Spaces Yields Good Porosity. And High Permeability.Poor sorting yields smaller pore spaces

Слайд 15Well sorted sandstone
Good porosity and permeability

Large pore space gives high

porosity and permeability.

Слайд 16Poor sorting
Much lower porosity and permeability
Poorly sorted sandstone. Has much

lower porosity and permeability.

Слайд 17Filtration
IDEALLY – A THIN & IMPERMEABLE CAKE IS DESIRED
HOW IS

THAT ACHIEVED?
CONTROLING SOLIDS - Amount and type
Filter cake quality

SIZE

SHAPE

DISTRIBUTION

COMPRESSIBILITY

- the ability to deform under pressure

FiltrationIDEALLY – A THIN & IMPERMEABLE CAKE IS DESIREDHOW IS THAT ACHIEVED?CONTROLING SOLIDS - Amount and typeFilter

Слайд 18Filter cake

Слайд 19Filter cake

Слайд 20 Filter cake composition
(2.6 sg) X( 8.334 ppg) X (42

gal / bbl) = 910 ppb
9.1 ppb = 1.0%
27.0 ppb

= 3.0% Total Solids

1. Add 27.0 ppb M-I GEL To 350 cc’s of water

350 cc’s = 1 bbl Equivalent.
(1.0 sg) X( 8.334 ppg) X (42 gal / bbl) = 350 ppb
1 cc liquid = 1 ppb
1 gram dry material = 1ppb

Слайд 21 Filter cake composition
100 ppb Diaseal-M (2.6 sg) X( 8.334 ppg)

X (42 gal / bbl) = 910 ppb
9.1 ppb =

1.0%
100 ppb = 11.0%
100 ppb Barite (4.2 sg) X( 8.334 ppg) X (42 gal / bbl) = 1470 ppb
14.7 ppb = 1.0%
100 ppb = 6.8%

11.0 % + 6.8 % = 16.8% Total Solids

2. Add 100 grams of Diaseal-M and 100 grams of Barite to 350 cc’s of water

Filter cake composition100 ppb Diaseal-M (2.6 sg) X( 8.334 ppg) X (42 gal / bbl) = 910

Слайд 22Filtration
Diatoms
MICROSCOPIC
One - Celled Marine Algae
With
Hard Glasslike Cell Walls.

They Occur in

a Variety of Shapes and Are Non-Compressible, Which Makes Them

an Excellent Filtration Medium

FiltrationDiatomsMICROSCOPICOne - Celled Marine AlgaeWithHard Glasslike Cell Walls. They Occur in a Variety of Shapes and Are Non-Compressible,

Слайд 23Diatoms

Слайд 24Filter cake composition
50 ppb Diaseal-M (2.6 sg) X( 8.334 ppg) X

(42 gal / bbl) = 910 ppb
9.1 ppb = 1.0%
50

ppb = 5.5%
50 ppb Barite (4.2 sg) X( 8.334 ppg) X (42 gal / bbl) = 1470 ppb
14.7 ppb = 1.0%
50 ppb = 3.4%
13.5 ppb M-I Gel (2.6 sg) X( 8.334 ppg) X (42 gal / bbl) = 910 ppb
9.1 ppb = 1.0%
13.5 ppb = 1.5% Solids

5.5% + 3.4% + 1.5% = 10.4% Solids

3. Add 175 cc’s of #1 to 175 cc’s of #2.

Filter cake composition 50 ppb Diaseal-M (2.6 sg) X( 8.334 ppg) X (42 gal / bbl) = 910 ppb 9.1

Слайд 25Filtration
1. Add 27.0 ppb M-I Gel To 350 cc’s Of Water.
27.0

ppb = 3.0% Total Solids

2. Add 100 grams of Diaseal-M and

100 grams of Barite to 350 cc’s of water.
11.0 + 6.8 = 16.8% Total Solids

3. Add 175 cc’s of #1 To 175 cc’s of #2.
1.5% + 5.5% + 3.4% = 10.4% Solids

Compare FL Value to Filter Cake Thickness

Filtration1. Add 27.0 ppb M-I Gel To 350 cc’s Of Water.27.0 ppb = 3.0% Total Solids2. Add 100 grams

Слайд 26Filter cake

Слайд 27Filtration
Solids Entering Pore Openings.

Filtrate Containing Damaging Polymers.

Filtrate Containing Wetting Agents

and / or Emulsifiers.

Filtrate Incompatible With Formation Water.

Filtrate Dislodging Pore

Lining Clays.

Drilling fluid damage

FiltrationSolids Entering Pore Openings.Filtrate Containing Damaging Polymers.Filtrate Containing Wetting Agents and / or Emulsifiers.Filtrate Incompatible With Formation

Слайд 28Solids control - how?
17.5” hole to 3,000’= 900 bbls

12.25” hole

from 3,000’ to 10,000’ = 1,030 bbls

9.875” hole from 10,000’

to 16,000’ = 570 bbls

TOTAL = 2,500 bbls of Dirt to Remove!

Assume drilled solids = 2.6 SG

THEN: (2.6sg) X (8.334ppg) X (42gpb) X (2,500bbls) = 2,276,820 Pounds of Dirt! (1,138tons)

Solids Generated While Drilling

Solids control - how?17.5” hole to 3,000’= 900 bbls12.25” hole from 3,000’ to 10,000’ = 1,030 bbls9.875”

Слайд 29Solids handling
Types
Mechanical

Chemical

Слайд 30Circulating system

Слайд 31Solids handling
Drilling Fluid Polymers That Will Encapsulate Drill Solids
PHPA Type

Polymers
Selective Flocculants

Hydration Suppressants
Kla-Gard
Kla-Cure
Chemical

Solids handlingDrilling Fluid Polymers That Will Encapsulate Drill SolidsPHPA Type PolymersSelective FlocculantsHydration SuppressantsKla-GardKla-CureChemical

Слайд 32Choosing Fluid Loss Control Products
Can it be used in presence

of CALCIUM?

Can it be used in high SALT concentration?

Can it

tolerate the TEMPERATURE present, or expected?

Will it need a PRESERVATIVE?

Will it produce a VISCOSITY RISE?

Will it SUPPORT WEIGHT MATERIAL with a minimum of solids?

Is the COST too high for the particular operation?

Is it the MOST EFFICIENT under given circumstances?

Factors to consider:

Choosing Fluid Loss Control Products Can it be used in presence of CALCIUM? Can it be used in high

Слайд 33Fluid Loss Control Products
Clay
Polymers
Chemical thinners

Types

Слайд 34Fluid Loss Control Products

Size and form of particles

Compressibility under pressure

Clay

Слайд 35Fluid Loss Control Products
Binding of free water of a mud
Plugging

of a pore’s space in a filter cake and a

formation
Increasing of a filtrate viscosity
A capsulation (film creation on a surface a wellbore wall)

Polymers

Fluid Loss Control ProductsBinding of free water of a mudPlugging of a pore’s space in a filter

Слайд 36Fluid Loss Control Products
Polymers
Starch
MY-LO-JEL
POLYSAL
THERMAC UL
Cellulose
CMC
POLYPAC R/UL/ELV

Polyacrylate
SP 101

Слайд 37Fluid Loss Control Products
Reagent adsorption on a surface of clay

particles

Dispersion

QUEBRACHO
TANNATHIN
SPERSENE
XP-20

Chemical thinners

Fluid Loss Control ProductsReagent adsorption on a surface of clay particlesDispersionQUEBRACHOTANNATHINSPERSENE XP-20Chemical thinners

Слайд 38Improper filtration control
FILTRATE
Washout and ledge formation

Formation evaluation problems

Formation damage

CAKE
Tight

spots

Stuck pipe

Pressure surges

Cementing problems

Problems:

Improper filtration controlFILTRATE Washout and ledge formation Formation evaluation problems Formation damageCAKE Tight spots Stuck pipe Pressure surges Cementing problemsProblems:

Слайд 39Proper filtration control
Controlling solids

Amount

Type

Using the correct products for the situation

Temperature

Ions

in solution

Economics

Control Fluid Loss Value and Cake Thickness By:

Proper filtration controlControlling solidsAmountTypeUsing the correct products for the situation TemperatureIons in solutionEconomicsControl Fluid Loss Value and Cake

Слайд 40Most important!!!

Your Questions?

Скачать презентацию

Разделы презентаций

Filtration

Содержание

Слайды и текст этой презентации

Слайд 1FiltrationMaxim FrolovInstructor

Слайд 2Filtration 1. Remove Cuttings From The Well. 2.

Control Formation Pressure. 3. Suspend And Release Cuttings.

Слайд 3FiltrationFiltrate Invasion: 1. ENSURE ADEQUATE FORMATION EVALUATION. 2. MAINTAIN WELLBORE STABILITY. 3. MINIMIZE RESERVOIR DAMAGE.Filter Cake

Formation: 4. SEAL PERMEABLE FORMATIONS. 5. FACILITATE CEMENTING AND COMPLETION.Functions of a Drilling Fluid

Слайд 4FiltrationOccurs when the hydrostatic pressure of the mud exceeds the

Formation pressure, and there are adequate solids in the mud

Слайд 5FiltrationA FILTER CAKE is formed on the face of the

well bore. Many times it forms inside the formation, depending

Слайд 6FiltrationDYNAMIC FILTRATION- Occurs when the mud is circulatingSTATIC FILTRATION- Occurs

when the mud is not circulatingAPI (standard)API - HTHPTwo types

Слайд 7Fluid loss - MeasurementAPI StandardCC’s of FILTRATE collected: (static) @100

psi30 minutesambient temperature7.5 sq... in. #50 Watman paper

Слайд 8HTHP - Fluid loss - MeasurementCC’s of FILTRATE collected X

2 (static)30 minutes300°F3.75 sq. in. #50 Watman paper 500 psi

Слайд 9FiltrationFiltration – Dynamic HPHT Filtration SystemThe Fann Model 90 Dynamic

HPHT® filtration system is the industry’s only true dynamic filtration

Слайд 10FiltrationFactors affecting filtrationTIMETEMPERATUREPRESSURESOLIDSTypeHydrationDeflocculation and dispersionPOROSITY, PERMEABILITY, SORTING

Слайд 11Fluid loss - calculation To convert a fluid loss value

in (X) minutes to a 30 minute API Value:Example:Converts FL

Слайд 12FiltrationThe Volumetric Fraction of Formation Not Occupied by SolidsTwo types

of porosity:Absolute - Volume not occupied by solidsEffective - Interconnected

Слайд 13FiltrationThe Ability of a Formation to Transmit Fluid (Through the

Inter-Connecting Pore Spaces)Types of PermeabilityVertical Fracture Permeability - Limestones, Chalks,

Слайд 14Sorting Good sorting with Large Pore Spaces Yields Good Porosity. And

High Permeability.Poor sorting yields smaller pore spaces and lower permeability.Controls

Слайд 15Well sorted sandstoneGood porosity and permeabilityLarge pore space gives high

porosity and permeability.

Слайд 16Poor sortingMuch lower porosity and permeabilityPoorly sorted sandstone. Has much

lower porosity and permeability.

Слайд 17FiltrationIDEALLY – A THIN & IMPERMEABLE CAKE IS DESIREDHOW IS

THAT ACHIEVED?CONTROLING SOLIDS - Amount and typeFilter cake qualitySIZE SHAPEDISTRIBUTIONCOMPRESSIBILITY

Слайд 18Filter cake

Слайд 19Filter cake

Слайд 20 Filter cake composition (2.6 sg) X( 8.334 ppg) X (42

gal / bbl) = 910 ppb 9.1 ppb = 1.0% 27.0 ppb

Слайд 21 Filter cake composition100 ppb Diaseal-M (2.6 sg) X( 8.334 ppg)

X (42 gal / bbl) = 910 ppb 9.1 ppb =

Слайд 22FiltrationDiatomsMICROSCOPICOne - Celled Marine AlgaeWithHard Glasslike Cell Walls. They Occur in

a Variety of Shapes and Are Non-Compressible, Which Makes Them

Слайд 23Diatoms

Слайд 24Filter cake composition 50 ppb Diaseal-M (2.6 sg) X( 8.334 ppg) X

(42 gal / bbl) = 910 ppb 9.1 ppb = 1.0% 50

Слайд 25Filtration1. Add 27.0 ppb M-I Gel To 350 cc’s Of Water.27.0

ppb = 3.0% Total Solids2. Add 100 grams of Diaseal-M and