HISTORY OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

project “Open Module on the European Union”
that is co-financed

by the Erasmus + programme of the European Union

– crisis
1986 – 1993 – success
1993 – 2005 –

widening and consolidation
2005 – 2009 – Constitutional/identity crisis
2010 - ? – economic crisis; political crisis

PHASES OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION HISTORY

must be a partnership between France and Germany. In this

way only can France recover the moral and cultural leadership of Europe. There can be no revival of Europe without a spiritually great France and a spiritually great Germany. The structure of the United States of Europe will be such as to make the material strength of a single State less important. Small nations will count as much as large ones and gain their honour by a contribution to the common cause.

CHURCHILL’S SPEECH - ZÜRICH, 1946

to a single plan. It will be built through concrete

achievements which first create a de facto solidarity. The coming together of the nations of Europe requires the elimination of the age-old opposition of France and Germany. Any action taken must in the first place concern these two countries..”
“It proposes that Franco-German production of coal and steel as a whole be placed under a common High Authority, within the framework of an organization open to the participation of the other countries of Europe.“
“The solidarity in production thus established will make it plain that any war between France and Germany becomes not merely unthinkable, but materially impossible.”

The Schuman Declaration

by its integration within Europe
New European democratic identity as opposed

to totalitarism and nationalism
Independence in relation to new world powers (USA/USSR)
Economic prosperity, starting with the creation of a single market
- Which motives stayed the same, which have changed and which have been achieved?

Motives for European Integration

new High Authority, whose decisions will bind France, Germany and

other member countries, this proposal will lead to the realization of the first concrete foundation of a European federation indispensable to the preservation of peace.“

France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg accepted the plan for the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community, by signing the founding Paris Treaty (1952)

The first step → ECSC

the Rome Treaty
Article 2 EEC Treaty:
“It shall be the

aim of the Community, by establishing a Common Market and progressively approximating the economic policies of Member States, to promote throughout the Community a harmonious development of economic activities, a continuous and balanced expansion, an increased stability, an accelerated raising of the standard of living and closer relations between its Member States.”

EEC

(1957 EEC and EURATOM)
1973 Denmark, Ireland and the

UK
1981 Greece
1986 Portugal and Spain
1995 Austria, Finland and Sweden
2004 Cyprus, Czech R., Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia
2007 Bulgaria and Romania
2013 Croatia

- the Netherlands

started the life with the economic crisis

Followed by humanitarian crisis

Leading to political crisis

Leading to the first possible exit from the EU – Brexit (23 June 2016)

The new EU