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IR SPECTROSCOPY

Содержание

Light is one form of electromagnetic radiation. Light is only a very small part of the electromagnetic spectrum.Electromagnetic waves consist of electric and magnetic fields which are perpendicular to each other

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Слайд 1IR SPECTROSCOPY
R W Grime Ripon Grammar School

IR SPECTROSCOPYR W Grime   Ripon Grammar School

Слайд 2Light is one form of electromagnetic radiation.
Light is only

a very small part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Electromagnetic waves consist

of electric and magnetic fields which are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of travel of the wave.
The electric and magnetic fields vibrate at the same frequency as each other.
Light is one form of electromagnetic radiation. Light is only a very small part of the electromagnetic

Слайд 3
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

Слайд 4Atoms, molecules and ions can absorb (or emit) electromagnetic radiation

of specific frequencies, and this can be used to identify

them.
Atoms, molecules and ions can absorb (or emit) electromagnetic radiation of specific frequencies, and this can be

Слайд 5
INFRA-RED SPECTROSCOPY
All bonds vibrate at a characteristic frequency.
There are different

types of vibration.
Symmetric stretch
Assymmetric stretch
Bending
The frequency depends on the mass

of the atoms in the bond, the bond strength, and the type of vibration.

The frequencies at which they vibrate are in the infra-red region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

INFRA-RED SPECTROSCOPYAll bonds vibrate at a characteristic frequency.There are different types of vibration.Symmetric stretchAssymmetric stretchBendingThe frequency depends

Слайд 6
INFRA-RED SPECTROSCOPY
Wavenumbers (cm-1) are used as a measure of the

wavelength or frequency of the absorption.

Wavenumber = 1
wavelength (cm)

If IR light is passed through the compound, it will absorb some or all of the light at the frequencies at which its bonds vibrate.

IR light absorbed is in the range 4000 – 400 cm-1.

Above 1500 cm-1 is used to identify functional groups.

Below 1500 cm-1 is used for fingerprinting.

INFRA-RED SPECTROSCOPYWavenumbers (cm-1) are used as a measure of the wavelength or frequency of the absorption.

Слайд 7
BELOW 1500 cm-1 – “Fingerprinting”
Complicated and contains many signals –

picking out functional group signals difficult.
This part of the

spectrum is unique for every compound, and so can be used as a "fingerprint".

This region can also be used to check if a compound is pure.

BELOW 1500 cm-1 – “Fingerprinting”Complicated and contains many signals – picking out functional group signals difficult. This

Слайд 9cyclohexane
C–H

cyclohexane C–H

Слайд 10cyclohexene
C–H

cyclohexene C–H

Слайд 11butanal
C–H

butanal C–H

Слайд 12ethanoic acid
O–H

ethanoic acidO–H

Слайд 13ethanol
O–H

ethanolO–H

Слайд 14butanal
C=O

butanalC=O

Слайд 15propanone
C=O

propanoneC=O

Слайд 16ethanoic acid
C=O

ethanoic acidC=O

Слайд 17methyl ethanoate
C=O

methyl ethanoateC=O

Слайд 30Exercise 1
Match the following eight compounds to the following eight

IR spectra.
hex-2-ene
pentane
methylpropan-1-ol
2-methylpentan-3-one
butanal
butanoic acid
propyl ethanoate
nitrobenzene

Exercise 1Match the following eight compounds to the following eight IR spectra.hex-2-enepentanemethylpropan-1-ol2-methylpentan-3-onebutanalbutanoic acidpropyl ethanoatenitrobenzene

Слайд 31
















               

Слайд 32
















               

Слайд 33
















               

Слайд 34
















               

Слайд 35
















               

Слайд 36
















               

Слайд 37
















               

Слайд 38
















               

Слайд 39C-O
C=O
propyl ethanoate

















C-OC=Opropyl ethanoate               

Слайд 40C=O
2-methylpentan-3-one

















C=O2-methylpentan-3-one               

Слайд 41methylpropan-1-ol
O-H

















methylpropan-1-olO-H               

Слайд 42C-H
nitrobenzene

















C-Hnitrobenzene               

Слайд 43C-H
pentane

















C-Hpentane               

Слайд 44C-H
C=O
butanal

















C-HC=Obutanal               

Слайд 45O-H
butanoic acid

















O-Hbutanoic acid               

Слайд 46C=C
C-H
C-H
hex-2-ene

















C=CC-HC-Hhex-2-ene               

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