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LECTURE 2 Production Engineering

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Review from last time…Manufacturing engineers interpret the intent of the designer to produce a productPrimarily based on part print analysisThe engineering function depends uponProduct and process technologies employedStage of the design-manufacturing

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Слайд 1LECTURE 2 Production Engineering
Dr. Karl Haapala
January 8, 2015

LECTURE 2 Production EngineeringDr. Karl HaapalaJanuary 8, 2015

Слайд 2Review from last time…
Manufacturing engineers interpret the intent of the

designer to produce a product
Primarily based on part print analysis

The

engineering function depends upon
Product and process technologies employed
Stage of the design-manufacturing life cycle
Production environment

Communication between design and manufacturing requires a common language

Review from last time…Manufacturing engineers interpret the intent of the designer to produce a productPrimarily based on

Слайд 3What is the Language?
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing
Communicates _________________ to manufacturing
Parts

need to have desired
Form
Fit
Function
Interchangeability


Why bother to “speak” GD&T?






http://campaign.asme.org/gdt/about.cfm

What is the Language?Geometric Dimensioning and TolerancingCommunicates _________________ to manufacturingParts need to have desiredFormFitFunctionInterchangeability Why bother to

Слайд 4Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing
Companies need engineers that can read and

understand drawings!

GD&T standard --
Replaces ASME Y14.5 – 1994
“Considered the authoritative

guideline”
“Establishes uniform practices for stating and interpreting GD&T”

http://campaign.asme.org/gdt/about.cfm

Geometric Dimensioning and TolerancingCompanies need engineers that can read and understand drawings!GD&T standard --Replaces ASME Y14.5 –

Слайд 5Dimensions
Value that uses the appropriate units to indicate the following

for a feature:






DimensionsValue that uses the appropriate units to indicate the following for a feature:

Слайд 6Dimensions
Each dimension has a tolerance except
Reference dimensions
_________ and _________ dimensions



Basic dimensions
Considered theoretically perfect
Basis for variations established by _________


DimensionsEach dimension has a tolerance exceptReference dimensions_________ and _________ dimensions Basic dimensionsConsidered theoretically perfectBasis for variations established

Слайд 7Plus-Minus Dimensioning
Calculate the upper and lower limits from the specified

dimension and plus-minus tolerance

Plus-Minus DimensioningCalculate the upper and lower limits from the specified dimension and plus-minus tolerance

Слайд 8Tolerances
The total amount a dimension can vary


Calculate the tolerance

Indicated
In a

general note
In the drawing title block
As applied to the dimension

TolerancesThe total amount a dimension can varyCalculate the toleranceIndicatedIn a general noteIn the drawing title blockAs applied

Слайд 9Problems with Conventional Tolerancing
The Drawing Shows:
10.5 ± 0.25
∅1.0 ± 0.1
Which

part is OK?
a)
b)
c)
10.5
1.0
10.5
1.0
1.1
10.5
1.0
1.0

Problems with Conventional TolerancingThe Drawing Shows:10.5 ± 0.25∅1.0 ± 0.1Which part is OK?a)b)c)10.51.010.51.01.110.51.01.0

Слайд 10



Examples of __________________________


Which part is OK?

Examples of __________________________  Which part is OK?

Слайд 11Extreme Form Variation
Established by ________________
Specified by ________ in ASME Y14.5
“Size

limits control surface form.”

Extreme Form VariationEstablished by ________________Specified by ________ in ASME Y14.5“Size limits control surface form.”

Слайд 12Dimensioning and Tolerancing
Conventional tolerancing
Doesn’t use geometric tolerancing


Geometric tolerancing




Dimensioning and TolerancingConventional tolerancingDoesn’t use geometric tolerancing Geometric tolerancing

Слайд 13Types of GD&T Symbols
Dimensioning symbols
Geometric characteristic symbols
Feature control frame
Material condition

symbols
Datum feature and datum target symbols

Types of GD&T SymbolsDimensioning symbolsGeometric characteristic symbolsFeature control frameMaterial condition symbolsDatum feature and datum target symbols

Слайд 14Geometric Characteristic Symbols
Provide specific controls related to:
Form of an object


Outlines of features (profile)
Location of features
Orientation of features
Relationship of

features to an axis (runout)
Geometric Characteristic SymbolsProvide specific controls related to:Form of an object Outlines of features (profile)Location of featuresOrientation of

Слайд 15Material Condition Modifiers
Used to specify when geometric tolerances must be

held on _____________________.
One cylindrical or spherical surface, or a set

of two parallel plane surfaces, each feature being associated with a size dimension.

S

M

L

I

Material Condition ModifiersUsed to specify when geometric tolerances must be held on _____________________.One cylindrical or spherical surface,

Слайд 16Part Print Analysis Exercise
Page 435 (Madsen)
List the names of five

dimensioning symbols, excluding geometric dimensioning and tolerancing symbols, found on

this print.




List the names of at least eight geometric dimensioning and tolerancing symbols found on this print.

Part Print Analysis ExercisePage 435 (Madsen)List the names of five dimensioning symbols, excluding geometric dimensioning and tolerancing

Слайд 17Feature Control Frame (FCF)
For individual features, FCF specifies






Feature Control Frame (FCF)For individual features, FCF specifies

Слайд 18Feature Control Frame (FCF)
The FCF is a box with several

compartments

0.13
M
A
B
C
M

Feature Control Frame (FCF)The FCF is a box with several compartments0.13MABCM

Слайд 19Part Print Analysis Exercise
Page 435 (Madsen)
c) Give a complete identification

for each of the items found in the feature control

frame associated with the ∅4.500 dimension. Identify these items from left to right.




d) Why is there no material condition symbol in the feature control frame described in the last question?

Part Print Analysis ExercisePage 435 (Madsen)c) Give a complete identification for each of the items found in

Слайд 20Material Condition
________________________ (RFS) Condition
A geometric tolerance applies at any increment

of size of the actual mating envelope of the feature

of size (GT applies for any size part produced)

Implied for all geometric tolerances unless otherwise specified


S

(symbol under ASME Y14.5-1994;
redundant and not used under ASME Y14.5-2009)

Material Condition________________________ (RFS) ConditionA geometric tolerance applies at any increment of size of the actual mating envelope

Слайд 21Material Condition
___________ Material Condition (MMC)
Condition when a feature of size

contains the maximum amount of material within stated limits

For example
Largest

shaft
Smallest hole

M

Material Condition___________ Material Condition (MMC)Condition when a feature of size contains the maximum amount of material within

Слайд 22Material Condition
∅10.5 ± 0.25
∅10.5 ± 0.25
Shaft
Hole
M
What is the MMC…

For the

shaft?


For the hole?

Material Condition∅10.5 ± 0.25∅10.5 ± 0.25ShaftHoleMWhat is the MMC…For the shaft?For the hole?

Слайд 23Material Condition
_______ Material Condition (LMC)
Condition when a feature of size

contains the least amount of material within stated limits

For example
Smallest

shaft
Largest hole

L

Material Condition_______ Material Condition (LMC)Condition when a feature of size contains the least amount of material within

Слайд 24Material Condition
What is the LMC…

For the shaft?


For the hole?

∅10.5 ±

0.25
∅ 10.5 ± 0.25
Shaft
Hole
L

Material ConditionWhat is the LMC…For the shaft?For the hole?∅10.5 ± 0.25∅ 10.5 ± 0.25ShaftHoleL

Слайд 25ASME Y14.5 Rule #1
“Size limits control surface form.”
Features have perfect

form at MMC

Exceptions
When still in purchased condition stock size
When subject

to free state variation in unrestrained condition
When “AVG.” (average) follows the dimension
When using some geometric tolerances that eliminate the envelope of MMC at perfect form
When noted with independency symbol:
(in ASME Y14.5 – 2009)


I

ASME Y14.5 Rule #1“Size limits control surface form.”Features have perfect form at MMCExceptionsWhen still in purchased condition

Слайд 26Part Print Analysis Exercise
Page 435 (Madsen)
a) Are the dimensions in

inches or millimeters?

b) Refer to the ∅4.4997-4.4994 dimension:
What is

the tolerance?

What is the MMC?

What is the LMC?
Part Print Analysis ExercisePage 435 (Madsen)a) Are the dimensions in inches or millimeters? b) Refer to the

Слайд 27Standard ANSI/ISO Fits
Clearance fits:


Transition fits:


Interference fits:

Standard ANSI/ISO FitsClearance fits: Transition fits: Interference fits:

Слайд 28Allowance Calculation
Allowance Formula:
MMC HOLE
–MMC SHAFT
ALLOWANCE
Allowance: The intentional difference

between the maximum material limits of mating parts (tightest fit)

Allowance CalculationAllowance Formula: MMC HOLE–MMC SHAFT ALLOWANCEAllowance: The intentional difference between the maximum material limits of mating

Слайд 29Clearance Calculation
Clearance Formula:
LMC HOLE
–LMC SHAFT
CLEARANCE
Clearance: The intentional difference

between the least material limits of mating parts (loosest fit)

Clearance CalculationClearance Formula: LMC HOLE–LMC SHAFT CLEARANCEClearance: The intentional difference between the least material limits of mating

Слайд 30Interference Fit (or Force Fit)
Allowance Formula:
MMC HOLE
–MMC SHAFT
ALLOWANCE

Clearance

Formula:
LMC HOLE
–LMC SHAFT
CLEARANCE

Interference Fit (or Force Fit)Allowance Formula: MMC HOLE–MMC SHAFT ALLOWANCEClearance Formula: LMC HOLE–LMC SHAFT CLEARANCE

Слайд 31Announcements

Homework 1 – Due Thursday, January 15


Quiz #2 – Right

now!


AnnouncementsHomework 1 – Due Thursday, January 15Quiz #2 – Right now!

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