Лекция 1. История и источники Прав человека

individuals and groups against actions and omissions that interfere with

fundamental freedoms, entitlements and human dignity.

Human rights include the supreme, inherent, and inalienable rights to life, to dignity, and to self-development. It is concerned with issues in both areas of civil and political rights and economic, social and cultural rights founded on internationally accepted human rights obligations

Declaration and Program of Action (June 1993, Paragraph 5): “All

human rights are universal, indivisible and interdependent and interrelated. The international community must treat human rights globally in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing, and with the same emphasis. While the significance of national and regional particularities and various historical, cultural and religious backgrounds must be borne in mind, it is the duty of States, regardless of their political, economic and cultural systems, to promote and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms.”

350-360 гг. до н.э.);
Римское право (Цицерон);
Конфуцианство (около 570 г.

до н.э. - наше время);
Надписи Ашоки (Индия, III в. до н.э.);
Каутилья, Артхашастра (Индия, около 200 г. до н.э.);
Иудаизм, Ислам, Христианство;
Жан-Жак Руссо (1762);
Либерализм (Локк, Вольтер, Кант);
Коммунизм (Маркс).

Великая хартия вольностей (1215);
Кодекс Несауалькойотля (1400);
Билль о правах 1689 г., Англия;
Декларация независимости США (1776);
Конституция США (1787);
Декларация прав человека и гражданина, Франция (1789);
Билль о правах, США (1791).

принят Устав ООН, около 40 неправительственных организаций успешно пролоббировали делегатов,

которые должны были бы заниматься правами человека;
Защита прав человека стала главной целью ООН и обязательством перед государствами.

- недопустимость геноцида; - запрет рабского труда; - принцип недопустимости дискриминации;
“мягкое”

право (декларации, принципы, планы действий).

Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)
International Covenant on Economic,

Social and Cultural Rights (1966)
—Other ‘core’ human rights instruments
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965)
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979)
Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984)
Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989)
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families (1990)
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006)
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006)