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MIDDLE ENGLISH: CHANGES IN PHONETIC SYSTEM Word Stress

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That is the prefix or the root were stressed but the suffixes and endings were unstressed. Word stress in OE was fixed. It didn’t move in inflection and rarely in derivation.

Слайды и текст этой презентации

Слайд 1 MIDDLE ENGLISH: CHANGES IN PHONETIC SYSTEM Word Stress
In OE stress as

a rule was on the 1-st syllable of the word,

rarely on the second syllable.
MIDDLE ENGLISH: CHANGES IN PHONETIC SYSTEM Word Stress In OE stress as a

Слайд 2That is the prefix or the root were stressed but

the suffixes and endings were unstressed. Word stress in OE

was fixed. It didn’t move in inflection and rarely in derivation.

That is the prefix or the root were stressed but the suffixes and endings were unstressed. Word

Слайд 3In ME period the word stress acquired greater positional freedom

and began to play a more important role in word

derivation. These changes were connected with the assimilation of the loan words (especially from French).
In ME period the word stress acquired greater positional freedom and began to play a more important

Слайд 4When they first appeared in the English language they probably

retained their original stress – on the ultimate syllable. This

kind of stress couldn’t be preserved for long.
When they first appeared in the English language they probably retained their original stress – on the

Слайд 5The loan words were assimilated and the stress moved closer

to the beginning of the word.
ME vertu [vqr'tjH]  NE

virtue ['vWtSq]

The loan words were assimilated and the stress moved closer to the beginning of the word.ME vertu

Слайд 6 Vowel Changes Unstressed vowels:
became increasingly indistinct
in OE there were

5 short vowels in an unstressed position [e, I, a,

o, V]

Vowel Changes Unstressed vowels: became increasingly indistinct in OE there were 5 short vowels in

Слайд 7Late ME had only 2 vowels: [q] and [i]
OE fiscas

– ME fishes ['fISqz]
OE rison – ME risen ['rIzqn]

Late ME had only 2 vowels: [q] and [i]OE fiscas – ME fishes ['fISqz]OE rison – ME

Слайд 8The occurrence of only two vowels [q] and [i] in

unstressed final syllables is an important mark of ME.

The occurrence of only two vowels [q] and [i] in unstressed final syllables is an important mark

Слайд 9It distinguishes ME on the one hand from OE with

its greater variety of unstressed vowels, and, on the other

hand, from New English when ME final [q] was dropped.
It distinguishes ME on the one hand from OE with its greater variety of unstressed vowels, and,

Слайд 10The final [q] disappeared in Late ME but it continued

to be spelt as e. In the London dialect of

Chaucer’s time it was unstable. It could be easily missed out before the following initial vowel or when required by rhythm.
The final [q] disappeared in Late ME but it continued to be spelt as e. In the

Слайд 11When the ending e survived only in spelling, it was

understood as means of showing the length of the vowel

in the preceding syllable and was added to the

When the ending e survived only in spelling, it was understood as means of showing the length

Слайд 12words which did not have this ending before:
OE stan –

ME stoon, stone

words which did not have this ending before:OE stan – ME stoon, stone

Слайд 13But new unstressed vowels appeared in borrowed words or developed

from stressed ones, as a result of various changes:
e.g. vocalization

of [r]
writer [er]  [q]
actor [or]  [q]
But new unstressed vowels appeared in borrowed words or developed from stressed ones, as a result of

Слайд 14 Stressed Vowels:
Stressed vowels changed in quality and in quantity. Not

a single OE monophthong or diphthong remained unchanged in the

course of history.

Stressed Vowels: Stressed vowels changed in quality and in quantity. Not a single OE monophthong or

Слайд 15 Quantitative Changes
In OE quantity was the main basis of correlation

in the vowel system: short vowels were opposed to long

ones.
Quantitative Changes In OE quantity was the main basis of correlation in the vowel system: short

Слайд 16Vowel length was an inherited feature as OE short vowels

developed from PG short vowels. In late OE and Early

ME vowel length began to depend on phonetic condition.

Vowel length was an inherited feature as OE short vowels developed from PG short vowels. In late

Слайд 171. Short vowels were lengthened before ld, nd, mb unless

followed by a third consonant (the 9-th c.)
OE wild >

ME wild [wJld]

1. Short vowels were lengthened before ld, nd, mb unless followed by a third consonant (the 9-th

Слайд 182. All other groups of two or more consonants made

the preceding long vowels short (11-th

c.)
OE cepte > ME kepte ['keptq]

2. All other groups of two or more consonants made the preceding long vowels short

Слайд 193. Short vowels became long in open syllables (mainly [e],

[a], [o]) (12-th – 13-th c.)
OE open > ME open

['Lpqn]
OE namu > ME name ['nRmq]

3. Short vowels became long in open syllables (mainly [e], [a], [o]) (12-th – 13-th c.)OE open

Слайд 20 Qualitative Changes
1. OE y, y: disappeared in ME merging with

various sounds in different dialects:
Kentish e, e:
South-West, West Midlands

u, H
East Midland and Northern i


Qualitative Changes1. OE y, y: disappeared in ME merging with various sounds in different dialects: Kentish

Слайд 21OE fyllan > ME Kentish

fellen
(to fill)

West Midland fullen 1. [fyllqn]
and South western 2. [fullqn]

East Midland fillen
Northern

OE fyllan > ME Kentish fellen

Слайд 222. OE [R] was narrowed to [L] (all

long monophthongs became closer)
[R] > [L] in all the dialects

except the Northern group

2. OE [R] was narrowed to [L] (all long monophthongs became closer)[R] > [L] in

Слайд 23OE stan > ME stoon, stone ['stLn(q)]
(stone)


Northern stan(e)


OE stan > ME stoon, stone ['stLn(q)] (stone)

Слайд 243. OE short [x] > ME back [a]
 e.g. OE þxt

> ME that [a]


3. OE short [x] > ME back [a] e.g. OE þxt > ME that [a]

Слайд 25 Diphthongs
One of the most important sound changes of the Early

ME period was the loss of OE diphthongs and the

growth of new ones.
Diphthongs One of the most important sound changes of the Early ME period was the loss

Слайд 26Diphthongs> monophthongs
OE diphthongs were contracted to monophthongs:
OE [eQ] > ME

[F:] east > eest (east)
OE [eQ] > ME [a]

earm > arm (arm)
Diphthongs> monophthongsOE diphthongs were contracted to monophthongs:OE [eQ] > ME [F:] east > eest (east)OE [eQ]

Слайд 27[eo]
[eo] [e:] [e]
[io]

[J] [I]


[io]
deop > deep [e:] (deep);
ceosan > chesen ['Ce:zqn] (choose)
heorte > herte (heart)
[eo][eo] [e:] [e][io]

Слайд 28 the vowel system lost two sets of diphthongs, long

and short.
a new set of diphthongs developed from some

sequence of vowels and consonants due to the vocalization of OE [j] and [g/h].
the vowel system lost two sets of diphthongs, long and short. a new set of diphthongs

Слайд 29These sounds between and after vowels changed into [i] and

[u] and formed diphthongs together with the preceding vowels:
E.g. OE

dxZ > ME day [daI]

These sounds between and after vowels changed into [i] and [u] and formed diphthongs together with the

Слайд 30Two sets of diphthongs
These changes gave rise to two sets

of diphthongs:
i – glides
u – glides

Two sets of diphthongsThese changes gave rise to two sets of diphthongs: i – glides u –

Слайд 31System of vowels in Late Middle English

System of vowels in Late Middle English

Слайд 32 Evolution of Consonants

English consonants were far more stable than vowels.



Evolution of Consonants English consonants were far more stable than vowels.

Слайд 33The new type of consonants developed from OE palatal plosives

[k', g‘, g’] and from [sk']. The three new phonemes

were [C], [G], [S] (in writing - ch, tch, g, dg, sh, ssh, sch)

The new type of consonants developed from OE palatal plosives [k', g‘, g’] and from [sk']. The

Слайд 34 Loss of Consonants
 In OE long consonants were opposed to

short. In Late ME long consonants were shortened and the

opposition through quantity was lost.

Loss of Consonants  In OE long consonants were opposed to short. In Late ME long

Слайд 35 Initial h was dropped before r, l, n.

OE hrinZ

> ME ring (ring)
OE hlaford > ME loverd (lord)

 Initial h was dropped before r, l, n.OE hrinZ > ME ring (ring)OE hlaford > ME

Слайд 36 Before w h remained in the North where OE

hw > quh or qwh.
 In the South h

was dropped before w.
 OE hwxt > ME : North quhat
South what

 Before w h remained in the North where OE hw > quh or qwh.  In

Слайд 37 V was dropped before consonants:

OE hxfde > ME had

 V was dropped before consonants:OE hxfde > ME had

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