New English: Development of the National English Language (1475 – 1660)

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1. New English: Development of the National English Language (1475 – 1660)
2. The basis of the English national
3. As a rule the national language develops
4. The English national language has developed on
5. As London was situated on both banks
6. The prestige of the dialect was great
7. The influence of the first printers in
8. With relatively cheap printed books available to
9. Caxton’s spelling was more normalized that the
10. The effect of printing on the development
11. The Written StandardThe growth of the national
12. The beginning of the literary efflorescence goes
13. The most notable figures were Thomas More
14.  The main work by Thomas More
15.  William Tyndale completed his new English
16.  William Shakespeare (1564 – 1616) was
17. His vast vocabulary (over 20 thousand words),
18.  Early NE Written Accounts. The number
19. Family archives contain papers written both by
20. Numerous private letters of the 16-th century give a fair picture of colloquial speech.
21. The renewed interest in living languages in
22.  The first dictionaries. The swift development
23. Towards the end of the Early NE
24. The Written Standard of the early 17-th
25. The writings of the Renaissance show a
26. The existence of a prestige form of
27.  Grammars of English. This period was
28. In 1664 the Royal Society appointed a special committee for “improving the English tongue”.
29. Many new grammars of English were compiled
30. The Spoken Standard The written standard
31. Obviously in the 18-th century the speech
32. Different works on language gave recommendations how
33. The emergence of the Spoken Standard goes
34. The concept of Spoken Standard doesn’t mean
35. It means a more or less uniform
36. Thus by the end of the 18-th
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The basis of the English national language One of the major characteristic features of a nation is the national language. It rises above all territorial and social dialects and unites

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New English: Development of the National English Language (1475 – 1660)

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Слайд 1New English: Development of the National English Language (1475 – 1660)

Слайд 2 The basis of the English national language
One of the major

characteristic features of a nation is the national language. It

rises above all territorial and social dialects and unites the whole nation.

The basis of the English national language One of the major characteristic features of a nation

Слайд 3As a rule the national language develops on the basis

of a territorial dialect which under certain historical (economic, political

and cultural) conditions becomes generally recognized as a means of communication.

As a rule the national language develops on the basis of a territorial dialect which under certain

Слайд 4The English national language has developed on the basis of

the dialect of London. After the Norman conquest London became

the political and cultural centre of England.

The English national language has developed on the basis of the dialect of London. After the Norman

Слайд 5As London was situated on both banks of the Thames,

its dialect had both Southern and East Midland elements. But

gradually the East Midland dialect took the upper hand.

As London was situated on both banks of the Thames, its dialect had both Southern and East

Слайд 6The prestige of the dialect was great because East Midland

was the most populated and the most developed district. It

was the seat of the two universities: Oxford and Cambridge.

The prestige of the dialect was great because East Midland was the most populated and the most

Слайд 7The influence of the first printers in fixing and spreading

the written form of English was outstanding. The language they

used was the London literary English established since the age of Chaucer and slightly modified.

The influence of the first printers in fixing and spreading the written form of English was outstanding.

Слайд 8With relatively cheap printed books available to a greater number

of readers, the London dialect was spread to other regions

and was imitated in the written works produced all over England.

With relatively cheap printed books available to a greater number of readers, the London dialect was spread

Слайд 9Caxton’s spelling was more normalized that the spelling of the

manuscripts. Caxton’s spelling was accepted as standard and often remained

unchanged to the present day in spite of the drastic changes in pronunciation.

Caxton’s spelling was more normalized that the spelling of the manuscripts. Caxton’s spelling was accepted as standard

Слайд 10The effect of printing on the development of the language

was so great that the date of publication of the

1-st English book (Caxton’s translation of the story of Troy, printed in Bruges) 1475 is a turning point in the English linguistic history and denotes the start of a new period – New English.

The effect of printing on the development of the language was so great that the date of

Слайд 11The Written Standard
The growth of the national literary language and

fixation of its Written Standard is connected with the flourishing

of literature (English Literary Renaissance).

The Written StandardThe growth of the national literary language and fixation of its Written Standard is connected

Слайд 12The beginning of the literary efflorescence goes back to the

16-th century. This age of literary flourishing is called “the

age of Shakespeare” (also Elizabethan age).

The beginning of the literary efflorescence goes back to the 16-th century. This age of literary flourishing

Слайд 13The most notable figures were Thomas More (1478 – 1535)

and William Tyndale, the translator of the Bible.

The most notable figures were Thomas More (1478 – 1535) and William Tyndale, the translator of the

Слайд 14 The main work by Thomas More is “Utopia” (1516).

It was written in Latin and was first translated in

to English in 1551.

 The main work by Thomas More is “Utopia” (1516). It was written in Latin and was

Слайд 15 William Tyndale completed his new English translation of the

Bible in 1526. He made a great influence not only

on the language of the church but also on literary prose and on the spoken language.

 William Tyndale completed his new English translation of the Bible in 1526. He made a great

Слайд 16 William Shakespeare (1564 – 1616) was the chief of

the Elizabethan dramatists who influenced every age and every country.

The first collected edition of his plays was the Folio (1623). His works give an ideal representation of the literary language of his day.

 William Shakespeare (1564 – 1616) was the chief of the Elizabethan dramatists who influenced every age

Слайд 17His vast vocabulary (over 20 thousand words), freedom in creating

new words and new meanings, diverse grammatical construction reflect the

fundamental properties of the language of the period.

His vast vocabulary (over 20 thousand words), freedom in creating new words and new meanings, diverse grammatical

Слайд 18 Early NE Written Accounts. The number of the written

matter of the Early NE period is far greater than

that of the OE or ME periods. In addition to the writings of a literary, philosophical, theological or official character there are many private papers.