Передача Эллиптических конструкций

Russian outside of school.
???
За пределами школы у студентов мало возможности

говорить по-русски, если вообще такая возможность возникает когда-либо.

if at all – если вообще то-то и то-то

произойдет, свершится…

Уступительная функция

Усиление

Придаточные уступки (если и, хотя и)
Словосочетания (в случае осуществления, при наличии )

как бы то ни было; если уж на то пошло
экспрессивно-усилительное

значение

почти, пожалуй, вовсе, вообще;


возможно даже, что, в лучшем случае, во всяком случае

years, if at all.
Кажется, что за последние 4 года

экономика изменилась, если таковые изменения и были.

If anything, it would be to the advantage of this country to pursue an independent policy.

Вообще, этой стране было бы очень выгодно следовать политике независимого государства.

с союзами: какой бы ни, какие бы ни,

каков бы ни.

Whichever their efforts, the advocates of the war against Irak can never be successful in misleading public opinion.

Какие бы усилия не применяли сторонники войны против Ирака, им никогда не удастся обмануть общественное мнение.

+ наречие


обычно переводятся на русский язык придаточным уступительным предложением.
His

project, if done carefully, is not groundbreaking.

Его проект, хотя и выполнен со вниманием к деталям, не является новаторским.

(по общему признанию),
ironically (по иронии судьбы),
paradoxically (как это не парадоксально),
allegedly (по утверждению, как утверждают)

Paradoxically, we have to agree upon this point of view.

Как это ни парадоксально, мы должны согласиться с этой точкой зрения.

any, if anything, if at all.

Objections to this plan, if

any, should be reported to the committee at once.

2. If anything, it will be in their interests to follow this course.

3. More and more people in Chechnya face dilemma of how, if at all an individual can safely exercise honest individual judgement.

4. If anything, this move of NATO countries indicates hardening of the previous altitude.

5. When a hearing is finished, the committee decides what report, if any, it will make to the House on the measure.
6. Congress passed an Act permitting the President to determine when, if at all, the National Committee should take over and operate the railroads.

7. America can count on few, if any, short term gains.

конструкций с союзами however и whatever.

But all governments have to

prepare for unpleasant eventualities, however unlikely.

2. The British people have to submit to new taxation, however high.

3. Whatever their efforts, the advocates of the war against Iraq can never be successful in misleading public opinion.

4. But whatever his long term aims, the President’s immediate intentions and motives were made relentlessly clear at his last Press Conference less than three weeks ago.

5. Whatever his reasons the President has now brought the other members of NATO face to face with some very big and difficult questions about the military and political structure of Europe and its relations with the United States.

6. However dubious the outcome, this will be one-sided balance sheet.

7. The paper is desperately hunting for any pretext, however slender for stirring up nationalism.

this year. Those who heard the talks will notice that

there has been considerable expansion and some revision of the original material. I am more different about appearing in print, dealing with particular subject than I was about talking on the air is only because among millions of listeners there must inevitably be a large proportion of people who know far less about British American and Russian political and social ideas and aspirations than I do, whereas among the selective audience that print funds there will probably be a formidable proportion of persons who will know as much I do, if not more. I am an expert but I hope the expert will read this essay, if only to sharpen their wits on its rough generalizations.