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1897 Eduard Buchner began to study the ability of yeast extracts to ferment sugar despite the absence of living yeast cells. University of Berlin, - sugar was fermented even when there

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Слайд 1


Слайд 21897 Eduard Buchner began to study the ability of yeast

extracts to ferment sugar despite the absence of living yeast

cells. University of Berlin, - sugar was fermented even when there were no living yeast cells in the mixture.
In 1907 he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his biochemical research and his discovery of cell-free fermentation". Suffix -ase
1897 Eduard Buchner began to study the ability of yeast extracts to ferment sugar despite the absence

Слайд 5Carbonic anhydrase II. The grey sphere is the zinc cofactor

in the active site

Carbonic anhydrase II. The grey sphere is the zinc cofactor in the active site

Слайд 6Molybdopterins are a class of biochemical cofactors that are used

in many different enzymes (xanthine oxidase, DMSO reductase, sulfite oxidase, nitrate

reductase)
Molybdopterins are a class of biochemical cofactors that are used in many different enzymes (xanthine oxidase, DMSO

Слайд 8Emil Fischer, 1894
"Lock and key" model
1958 Daniel Koshland
Time-scales ranging from

femtoseconds to seconds

Emil Fischer, 1894

Слайд 12DNA polymerase catalyses a reaction in a first step and

then checks that the product is correct in a second

step.[12] This two-step process results in average error rates of less than 1 error in 100 million reactions in high-fidelity mammalian polymerases
DNA polymerase catalyses a reaction in a first step and then checks that the product is correct

Слайд 16HIV protease in a complex with the protease inhibitor ritonavir
Competitive

inhibition: substrate (S) and inhibitor (I) compete for the active

site.
HIV protease in a complex with the protease inhibitor ritonavirCompetitive inhibition: substrate (S) and inhibitor (I) compete

Слайд 17The coenzyme folic acid (left) compared to the anti-cancer drug

methotrexate (right)

The coenzyme folic acid (left) compared to the anti-cancer drug methotrexate (right)

Слайд 19Trypanothione reductase with the lower molecule of an inhibitor bound

irreversibly and the upper one reversibly

Trypanothione reductase with the lower molecule of an inhibitor bound irreversibly and the upper one reversibly

Слайд 25A paper mill. Degrade starch to lower viscosity, aiding sizing

and coating paper. Xylanases reduce bleach required for decolorising; cellulases

smooth fibers, enhance water drainage, and promote ink removal; lipases reduce pitch and lignin-degrading enzymes remove lignin to soften paper

Amylases, Xylanases, Cellulases and ligninases

A paper mill. Degrade starch to lower viscosity, aiding sizing and coating paper. Xylanases reduce bleach required

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