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Principles of Ethics

Principles of EthicsThe Principles of “ethical life”- the ways to identify life-style and positionAsceticism: a neglect of sensational and material world for the sake of spiritual world.To make a finest human

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The Principles of “ethical life”- the ways to

identify life-style and position
Asceticism: a neglect of sensational and material

world for the sake of spiritual world.
To make a finest human being;
To divide body from soul;
To be able to contemplate.

Principles of EthicsThe Principles of “ethical life”- the ways to identify life-style and positionAsceticism: a neglect of

Слайд 3Principles of Ethics
2. Egoism (lat.) – a life position based

on one’s interests and neglects others’ ones. It is a

natural feature, dominating among men in personal and social level.
An extreme form of individualism;
Increases during crisis and emergencies;
18th century: “healthy egoism”

Principles of Ethics2. Egoism (lat.) – a life position based on one’s interests and neglects others’ ones.

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3. Altruism (by O. Comte) is an ethical

principle making a human being to act for other people’s

benefit. Opposite to egoism.
Huge role played by religion, family, etc.;
Is it genetic? Is it artificial?
Altruism contributes to Ethics/morality/norms.
Mercy, solidarity, justice – are signs of Altruism.
Principles of Ethics3. Altruism (by O. Comte) is an ethical principle making a human being to act

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4. A-moralism and immoralism.
- A-moralism is a deny

of moral standards and norms. Questions most of the principles

of the existing morality. Often serves a certain interest (for example, a communist morality). N. Machiavelli: “the aim justifies the means”.

Principles of Ethics4. A-moralism and immoralism.- A-moralism is a deny of moral standards and norms. Questions most

Слайд 6Principles of Ethics
Immoralism. Also a rejection of morality existing, but

often to propose a new one.
- F. Nietzsche, K. Leontyev.

Principles of EthicsImmoralism. Also a rejection of morality existing, but often to propose a new one.- F.

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5. Utilitarianism (lat.) – usage and benefits one

can obtain. Uses satisfaction and happiness as main criterion.
6.

Pragmatism (Greek) – a successful actions, was contributed largely by American philosophers. Has practicism and Protestant’s ethics at once.
Principles of Ethics5. Utilitarianism (lat.) – usage and benefits one can obtain. Uses satisfaction and happiness as

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7. Nihilism (lat.) close to immoralism.
But the

main difference: rejection often comes not from egoism, etc., but

from a total disappointment.
Principles of Ethics7. Nihilism (lat.) close to immoralism. But the main difference: rejection often comes not from

Слайд 9MORAL CONCEPTS
Morality: from the Latin word “mores”  customs or

manners
Ethics: from the Greek word “ethos”  character
Morality is

a corpus of norms (values and rules) shared by a group of individuals. Morality is that corpus of norms to which we refer when it is necessary to make a decision involving different courses of actions
Ethics is that branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of morality and reflecting on the ideas of good/bad and right/wrong
MORAL CONCEPTSMorality: from the Latin word “mores”  customs or mannersEthics: from the Greek word “ethos” 

Слайд 10Principles of Ethics
Evolution of ethical thought:
Ancient East;
Ancient Greece;
Ancient Rome;
Medieval times;
New

times;
Modernity.

Principles of EthicsEvolution of ethical thought:Ancient East;Ancient Greece;Ancient Rome;Medieval times;New times;Modernity.

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Evolution of ethical thought:
Ancient Greece.
1. Socrates.
2. Cynics.
3. Epicure.
4.

Plato.
5. Aristotle.

Principles of EthicsEvolution of ethical thought:Ancient Greece.1. Socrates.2. Cynics.3. Epicure.4. Plato.5. Aristotle.

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