PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

achieve particular goals

An organization consists of a group
of people striving

to reach goals
that individuals acting alone
could not achieve.

What is an Organization?

by engaging in the four major functions of planning, organizing,

leading, and controlling.

Management is the process of managing the organizational resources efficiently and effectively to achieve the organizational goals.

strives to achieve; organizations often have more than one goal,

goals are fundamental elements of organization.
Efficiency: The ability to make the best use of the available resources in the process of achieving goals.
Effectiveness: The ability to choose appropriate goals and achieve them

deciding how best to achieve them.

Organizing: The process of allocating

and arranging human and non-human resources so that plans can be carried out successfully.

Leading: The process of influencing others to engage in the work behaviors necessary to reach organizational goals.

Controlling: The process of regulating organizational activities so that actual performances conforms to expected organizational standards and goals.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Resources: The total means available to a company for increasing production or profit, including plant, labour, and raw material; assets.

the resources of an organization in order to achieve organizational

goals.

An employee who is charged with making decisions, leading people, and delegating authority in order to accomplish the goals of the organization.

the very top levels of the organizational hierarchy and who

are ultimately responsible for the entire organization.
They are few of them and typical titles include ‘Chief Executive Officer (CEO), General Manager’ etc.
They typically supervise overall organization planning, work with the middle managers in implementing the planning and maintain control over the organization’s progress

at the Mid level of the organizational hierarchy. They are

below the top level managers and are directly responsible for the work of lower-level managers.
Middle Level Managers’ titles include “Director, Chief, Department Head, Division Head etc.”
They are mainly responsible for implementing overall organizational plans to achieve organizational goals.

level and are directly responsible for the work of non-managerial

employees. Their titles often include the word “Supervisor”.
First-line managers are very important for the success of organization as they are responsible for smooth day-to-day operations in order to achieve those goals.

First Liner Middle Managers Top

Managers Manager

Planning

Organizing





Leading



Controlling

Use of Management Functions at different hierarchical Levels

or abilities to translate knowledge into action that results in

desired performance are required to help other employees become more productive. These skills fall under the following categories:

Conceptual skills: Skills related to the ability to visualize the organization as a whole, discern, interrelationships among organizational parts, and understand how they organization fit into the wider context of the industry community and world.

analytically.
Analytical skills enable managers to break down problems into

smaller parts, to see the relations among the parts, and to recognize the implications of any one problem for others.
As managers assume ever-higher responsibilities in organizations, they must deal with more ambiguous problems that have long-term consequences.
Again, managers may acquire these skills initially through formal education and then further develop them by training and job experience. The higher the management level, the more important conceptual skills becomes.

well with others, both as a member of group and

as a leader who gets things done through others.

This skill demonstrates the ability to work well in cooperation with others. Human skills emerge in the workplace as a spirit of trust, enthusiasm, and genuine involvement in interpersonal relationships.

Key management skills

high degree of self-awareness and a capacity to understand or

empathize with the feelings of others. Some managers are naturally born with great human skills, while others improve their skills through classes or experience. No matter how human skills are acquired, they're critical for all managers because of the highly interpersonal nature of managerial work.

in a specialized field.
This skill requires the ability to use

a special proficiency or expertise to perform particular tasks. Accountants, engineers, market researchers, and computer scientists, as examples, possess technical skills.
Managers acquire these skills initially through formal education and then further develop them through training and job experience. Technical skills are most important at lower levels of management.

Key management skills

management. Planning is deciding in advance - what to do,

when to do & how to do. A plan is a future course of actions.
Planning is determination of courses of action to achieve desired goals. Thus, planning is a systematic thinking about ways & means for achievement of goals.
Planning is necessary to ensure proper utilization of human & non-human resources. It is all pervasive, it is an intellectual activity and it also helps in avoiding confusion, uncertainties, risks, wastages etc.
Planning deals with chalking out a future course of action & deciding in advance the most appropriate course of actions for achievement of goals.

improve company sales.
The manager first needs to decide which

steps are necessary to achieve that goal. These steps may include
increasing advertising,
inventory and Distribution,
Increase sales staff.
Training the current sales staff
These necessary steps are developed into a plan. When the plan is in place, the manager can follow it to accomplish the goal of improving company sales.

Planning… Continued…

organize the organization according to his plan.
Organizing function of

a manager involves the following tasks:

Making department in the organization Hiring the staff for the organization acquiring the Resources for each department of the organization.

organize, and staff his team to achieve a goal. He

or She must also Lead.
Leading involves motivating the employees of the organization by communicating with them, guiding them and encouraging them. It requires the manager to coach, assist, and solve problems with employees.
Controlling:
After the other elements are in place, a manager's job is not finished. He needs to continuously check results against the goals and take any corrective actions necessary to make sure that his plans remain on track.

with a particular job or position.

Henry Mintzberg studied CEOs at

work and created a scheme to define what managers do on the job. These are commonly referred to as Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles.

These can be grouped into three primary headings: Interpersonal, Informational and Decisional

involve development and maintaining positive relationships with significant others.

Informational

roles relate to the receiving and transmitting information so managers can serve as their organizational units’ nerve centers.

Decisional roles involve making significant decisions affecting the organization.

Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles

organisation/unit responsibilities

Project Managers
Integrative, team focus

the organization who supervise mainly individuals with expertise and training

in that area.

substantial subunit including most of the common specialized areas.

several different organizational units all working on a particular project