resources.
It is found in most, if not all, societies.
It is a question of how unequal a society is.
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Problems of social inequality, social stratification and political elites
Содержание
- 1. Problems of social inequality, social stratification and political elites
- 2. Understanding InequalityInequality is the unequal access to
- 3. Understanding Social StratificationSocial stratification is the division
- 4. Social StratificationEvery society has some form of
- 5. Introduction to Sociology: Social Class and InequalitySystems
- 6. Social Classes in the United StatesThe upper
- 7. Social Classes in the United StatesThe upper-middle
- 8. Social Classes in the United StatesThe working
- 9. Social Classes in the United StatesThe lower
- 10. Theories of Social ClassKarl Marx believed that
- 11. Theories of Social ClassMax Weber offered a
- 12. Theories of Social ClassMore recently, Pierre Bourdieu
- 13. Theories of Social ClassSymbolic Interactionists examine the
- 14. Слайд 14
- 15. Socioeconomic Status and Life ChancesBelonging to a
- 16. Social MobilitySocial mobility is the movement of
- 17. PovertyThe culture of poverty refers to learned
- 18. Political eliteIn every society there is a
- 19. Characteristics of political elitesSmall in numberOrganisedMonopoly over
- 20. Elitist Theorists “pluralists” or “functionalists”Mosca,
- 21. Lesson QuizTrue or False: 1. Every society has some form of stratification. a. True b. False
- 22. Lesson Quiz2. The tendency of social classes
- 23. Lesson Quiz3. Entrenched attitudes that can develop
- 24. Lesson Quiz4. Max Weber argued that there
- 25. Скачать презентанцию
Understanding InequalityInequality is the unequal access to scarce goods or resources. It is found in most, if not all, societies. It is a question of how unequal a society is.
Слайды и текст этой презентации
Слайд 2Understanding Inequality
Inequality is the unequal access to scarce goods or
resources.
It is a question of how unequal a society is.
Слайд 3Understanding Social Stratification
Social stratification is the division of society into
groups arranged in a social hierarchy based on access to
wealth, power and prestige. Ex: slavery, caste and social classWhere people rank in stratification system influences every part of their lives in profound ways.
What food they eat, where they shop, clothes they wear, schools they attend, income they earn, how long (and quality of life) they live, occupation.
Слайд 4Social Stratification
Every society has some form of social stratification, but
societies group people on different criteria (such as race, class,
and gender).Social stratification is a characteristic of society; it persists over generations, and it is maintained through beliefs (and ideologies) that are widely shared by members of society.
How are we ok with some having more than others?
Слайд 5Introduction to Sociology: Social Class and Inequality
Systems of Stratification (Cont’d)
Social
class refers to a system of stratification based on access
to resources such as wealth, property, power, education and prestige.Sociologists often refer to it as socioeconomic status (or SES).
By the way, what’s the difference between income and wealth?
Слайд 6Social Classes in the United States
The upper class (capitalist class):
Wealthiest people in a class system
Make up about 1% of
the U.S. populationPossess most of the wealth of the country
Слайд 7Social Classes in the United States
The upper-middle class:
Professionals and managers
Make
up about 14% of the U.S. population
Benefited the most
from collegeThe middle class consists primarily of
“White collar” workers
Have a broad range of incomes
Make up about 30% of the U.S. population
Слайд 8Social Classes in the United States
The working (lower-middle) class:
“Blue-collar” or
service industry workers
Less likely to have college degrees
Make up
about 30% of the U.S. population
Слайд 9Social Classes in the United States
The lower class (the working
poor):
Many poor people who typically have lower levels of literacy
than other classesMake up about 20% of the U.S. population
Слайд 10Theories of Social Class
Karl Marx believed that there were two
main social classes in capitalist societies:
Capitalists (or bourgeoisie), who owned
the means of productionWorkers (or proletariat), who sold their labor for wages
He believed that the classes would remain divided and social inequality would grow.
Has social inequality grown?
Слайд 11Theories of Social Class
Max Weber offered a similar model that
also included cultural factors.
He argued that class status was
made of three components: Wealth (or Privilege, inherited assets)
Power
Prestige
Слайд 12Theories of Social Class
More recently, Pierre Bourdieu argued each generation
acquires cultural capital (tastes, habits, expectations, skills, knowledge, etc.) that
help us to gain advantages in societyThis cultural capital either helps or hinders us as we become adults.
Слайд 13Theories of Social Class
Symbolic Interactionists examine the way we use
status differences to categorize ourselves and others.
As Erving Goffman
pointed out, our clothing, speech, gestures, possessions, friends, and activities provide information about our socioeconomic status.
Слайд 15Socioeconomic Status and Life Chances
Belonging to a certain social class
has profound consequences for individuals in all areas of life
including:Education
Employment
medical care
Слайд 16Social Mobility
Social mobility is the movement of individuals or groups
within the hierarchal system of social classes.
America technically has
an open system (it is legal and permissible for people to move between classes) but there are structural patterns where people tend to stay very close to the class they were raised in. If we have an open system, why do we see a lack of opportunities to move between classes?
Слайд 17Poverty
The culture of poverty refers to learned attitudes that can
develop among poor communities and lead the poor to accept
their fate rather than attempt to improve their situation.What is missing from this theory?
Слайд 18Political elite
In every society there is a class of people
which is though small in number but has more control
over political power. The power belonging to this class occupy command offices and provide leadership in ruling affairs of the society and this class of the people is known as eliteIntroduction to Sociology: Social Class and Inequality
Слайд 19Characteristics of political elites
Small in number
Organised
Monopoly over political power
Open competition
among different elite groups
Conscious of their interests
Introduction to Sociology: Social
Class and Inequality
Слайд 20Elitist Theorists
“pluralists”
or “functionalists”
Mosca, Parsons
Mosca's enduring contribution to
political science is the observation that all but the most
primitive societies are ruled in fact, if not in theory, by a numerical minority. He named this minority the political classIntroduction to Sociology: Social Class and Inequality
Слайд 21Lesson Quiz
True or False:
1. Every society has some form
of stratification.
a. True
b. False
Слайд 22Lesson Quiz
2. The tendency of social classes to remain relatively
stable as social class status is passed down from one
generation to the next is called:a. cultural capital.
b. social prestige.
c. social reproduction.
d. class consciousness.
Слайд 23Lesson Quiz
3. Entrenched attitudes that can develop among poor communities
and lead the poor to accept their fate is called:
a.
the culture of poverty.b. the just-world hypothesis.
c. disenfranchisement.
d. social welfare.
Слайд 24Lesson Quiz
4. Max Weber argued that there were several important
components of social class. Which of the following is NOT
one of the components?a. Prestige
b. Power
c. Wealth
d. Morals
