the Beat Generation and b eatniks

and beat correspond to the literary movement started in the

early 50s and mid-60s.
Its philosophy was basically beat counterculture, anti-materialism, anti-capitalist and anti-authoritarian. They attached great importance to sexual freedom and drugs as assistant inner exploration.
Some writers beat approached the Eastern religions such as Buddhism and Taoism.
In politics tended to be Democrats or center-left Social Democrats (called “liberals” in the US), supporting causes such as anti-racist struggles of those years.
In art they adopted an open towards the African-American culture attitude, something that was very significant in jazz and rock-and-roll.

writers.
The originally three writters that started the Beat Generation

were Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, William S. Burroughs.
In the Mid 1950s the Beat Generation expanded with other writers in the San Francisco community.
The majority of the Beat Generation's fame come from the development of
Ginsberg' book "Howl"
Burrough’s "Naked Lunch"
and Kerouac's "On the Road"
Those books did people start to pay attention to beat literature.

by American journalist Herb Caen to parody the beat generation

and his followers as a reference to the Russian “Sputniks” because the Beat Generation was considered a treat to American Society.
Beatnik is a young person who was part of a social group in the 1950s and early 1960s that rejected the traditional rules of society and encouraged people to express themselves through art.
The beat culture and beatnik stereotype, spread over the first half of the 60s to almost disappear in the second half, replaced by other countercultural movements, like hippies or punks.
The impact of the Beat Generation was extremely significant. It’s because of the Beat Generation people began to question the society they lived in. Bitniks also set precedent for many important things such as the hippies and anti-war movement. In addition their beliefs influence musicians such as Bob Dylan, The Beatles, and Elvis Presley.
Echoes of beat culture could be found even the Russian culture’s life. For example, in Viktor Tsoi's ironic song "Once you were a beatnik“ («Когда-то ты был битником»)...

widespread to take as fashion beatnik stereotype, generalized among men

using the “goatee” beard, beret, shirt with horizontal stripes, dark glasses, turtlenecks, roll their own cigarettes and playing the bongos.
For women fashion was black tights, leggings or pants halfway up the leg, dark glasses, chest knotted shirt or large sweaters, shoes without heels or simply barefoot and long hair, no arrangements or decorations in displays of rebellion against standards average that stipulated that a woman should treat your hair to have it permanently fixed (“permanent”).

The fashion beatnik also generated a special jargon, characterized by the use of terms and uninhibited expressions, many of which have persisted as “cool man”, “daddy-o”, “rad” (great), etc.