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Transistors презентация, доклад

Transistor is a semiconductor element of a chip. Depending on the order of the semiconductor layers, transistors are divided into NPN and PNP types. The electrodes of this element are called

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Слайд 1Transistors
By Goraynov Maxim
Group ЭН/б-18-1-о

TransistorsBy Goraynov Maxim   Group ЭН/б-18-1-о

Слайд 2Transistor is a semiconductor element of a chip. Depending on

the order of the semiconductor layers, transistors are divided into

NPN and PNP types.
The electrodes of this element are called base, emitter and collector.
In the scheme, the direction of the current passing through the transistor shown by emitter arrow. The base is designed to regulate the current value in the circuit.
Transistor is a semiconductor element of a chip. Depending on the order of the semiconductor layers, transistors

Слайд 3How the transistor works
The transistor is controlled by a small

voltage applied to the base, but the transistor itself controls

a large current passing through the collector and emitter.
By small change in the voltage at the base you can change the strength of the current passing through the transistor over a wide range.
How the transistor worksThe transistor is controlled by a small voltage applied to the base, but the

Слайд 4History
The experiments of Michael Faraday in 1833 led to the

beginning of the development of semiconductor electronics, which eventually allowed

the creation of transistors.
In 1934, German physicist Oskar Heil patented a field-effect transistor.
In 1947, William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain assembled the first working bipolar transistor.
December 23 is considered the day of the invention of the bipolar transistor, when the first bipolar transistor was officially presented.
It was a breakthrough in the development of integrated circuits and computers, thanks to bipolar transistors.
HistoryThe experiments of Michael Faraday in 1833 led to the beginning of the development of semiconductor electronics,

Слайд 5Application of transistors
In amplifier circuits transistors work mainly in the

amplifying mode. But there are experimental developments of fully digital

DAC-based amplifiers consisting of high-power transistors which worked in key mode.
Signal generator. Transistors can operate in key or amplifying mode depending on the type of generator.
Electronic switches. Transistors operate here in key mode. Sometimes electronic keys are used to control the current in an analog capacity, such as in incandescent lamp dimmers, switching power supplies and heating appliances.
Application of transistorsIn amplifier circuits transistors work mainly in the amplifying mode. But there are experimental developments

Слайд 6Classification of transistors
In addition to the main semiconductor material, in

the transistors used a large number of functional elements, such

as metal contacts, housing made of different materials and other elements.
So, there are some classifications:
By the main semiconductor material
By structure
By capacity
By creation technology
By materials and construction of the case

Classification of transistorsIn addition to the main semiconductor material, in the transistors used a large number of

Слайд 7Schemes of connection
To include an element in the scheme, you

must have four contacts - two inputs and two outputs.

But transistors basically have three contacts, that’s why one of them we assigned to a common one, so there are three types of switching on the transistor:
With a common base – it amplifies only voltage (left picture).
With a common emitter - it amplifies current and voltage (central picture).
With a common collector - it amplifies only current (right picture).
Schemes of connectionTo include an element in the scheme, you must have four contacts - two inputs

Слайд 8Advantages of transistors
Before transistors were created, electronic lamps were used

in electrical engineering. So, there are some reasons why electronic

lamps lost out:
Tiny size and light weight of transistors. That allows you to reduse the size of device.
High degree of production automation.
Low operating voltage.
They do not require preparation for work.
Low power loss compared to electronic lamps.
High mechanical strength and reliability.
Long service life.
Ability to combine multiple elements under one case.
Advantages of transistorsBefore transistors were created, electronic lamps were used in electrical engineering. So, there are some

Слайд 9Disadvantages of transistors
Transistors can not replace electronic lamps everywhere. Here

we see some disadvantages of transistors:
To work with high voltages

we had to create a new type of transistor.
Using transistors in high power transmitters is often too expensive.
Transistors are more affected by electromagnetic pulses than electronic lamps.
Transistors are more sensitive to radiation impact.
Disadvantages of transistorsTransistors can not replace electronic lamps everywhere. Here we see some disadvantages of transistors:	To work

Слайд 10Thanks for watching

Thanks for watching

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