WRITING SCIENTIFIC PAPERS / research articles

ARTICLE

culture in the academic world ...
and the origin for

many jokes

Methods, Results, and Discussion - AIMRaD

FORMAT
IMRaD/AIMRaD

words
paper body

Introduction,
Methods/Theoretical Basis (design of
the experiment)
Results,
Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References/ Literature cited

TITLE
3-10 words
ATTRACTIVE
BRIEF
LACONIC
INFORMATIVE
WITHOUT WASTE WORDS
WITHOUT ABBREVIATIONS, FORMULAS, SPIRITUAL

WORDS

the requirement of the magazine
- X words or symbols

your strategy to help solve the problem
State a specific research

question/hypothesis whose answer/test will help
to solve that problem

1-establishing a context,
2-reviewing the literature,
3- establishing a research gap,
4-stating the purpose

METHODS
Describe the methods used

to answer that question:
(1) What was studied,
(2) How the data was collected/observed,
(3) How the data was analyzed to determine relationships between the independent and outcome variables.

of investigation,
(2) Results = data determined by the research

question,
(3) The relationships (e.g. correlations) between the independent and outcome variables that were determined.

how the factual findings, expressed in past tense, support it,

by relating the findings to the work of others,
by presenting theoretical considerations
that support it.
State the limitations of that answer

to help solve the original problem:
(1) a new research

question to be answered,
(2) a refinement of then present study to reduce limitations,
(3) a protocol that can be used to implement findings.

topic and define terminology
STEP 3 Emphasize why the is topic

important
STEP 4 Relate to current knowledge: what's already been done
STEP 5 Indicate the gap: what needs to be done?
STEP 6 Pose research questions
STEP 7 State your overall purpose and objectives
STEP 8 List methodological steps
STEP 9 Explain the theory behind the methodology used
STEP 10 Describe the experimental set-up

13 Compare different results
STEP 14 Focus on main discoveries
STEP 15

Answer research questions (and draw clear conclusions)
STEP 16 Support and defend answers
STEP 17 Explain conflicting results, unexpected findings and discrepancies with other research
STEP 18 State the limitations of the study
STEP 19 State the importance of your findings
STEP 20 Establish newness
STEP 21 Announce further research
STEP 22 ABSTRACT: what was done, what was found and what are the main conclusions

reflect the content and main findings?
STEP 24 Are key terms

clear and familiar?
STEP 25 Are the objectives clear and relevant to the audience?
STEP 26 Are all variables, techniques and materials listed, explained and linked to existing knowledge - are the results reproducible?
STEP 27 Are all results and comparisons relevant to the stated objectives?
STEP 28 Do some statements and findings repeat in the text, tables or figures?
STEP 29 Do the main conclusions reflect the questions posed?
STEP 30 Will the main findings be acceptable to the scientific community?
STEP 31 Is the text coherent, clear and focused on a specific problem/topic?
STEP 32 Is the abstract readable standalone (does it reflects the main story)?

and passive voice)?
STEP 34 Are all equations mathematically correct and

explained in the text?
STEP 35 Are all abbreviations explained?
STEP 36 Reconsider using words such as "very", "better", "may", "appears", "more", "convinced", "perfect", and "impression" in the text.
STEP 37 Are all abbreviations, measurement units, variables and techniques internationally recognized (IS)?
STEP 38 Are all figures/tables relevant and of good quality?
STEP 39 Are all figures, tables and equations referred to in the text?
STEP 40 Are all references relevant, up to date and accessible?