Introduction to the Internet

Содержание

1. Introduction to the Internet
2. Internet, Packets and RoutingInternet is a network
3. A Visualization of Internet
4. A Visualization of Internet
5. Internet, Packets and RoutingAt the sender, data
6. Mailing System
7. TCP/IP and Domain NamesBasic task of IP
8. TCP/IP and Domain NamesWe need some sort
9. TCP/IP and Domain NamesThe numbers in an
10. TCP/IP and Domain NamesEach label to the
11. World Wide WebThe World Wide Web (commonly
12. World Wide Webhypertext documents are created using
13. URLs and Client-Server ModelTwo things are given
14. Putting it All Together
15. Скачать презентанцию

Internet, Packets and RoutingInternet is a network of computer networksData is transmitted by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP)Packet – a unit of information carriagePacket switching – process of

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Слайд 1Computation and Problem Solving
Introduction to the Internet

Korzhumbayev Azamat

Слайд 2Internet, Packets and Routing
Internet is a network of computer networks
Data

is transmitted by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol

(IP)
Packet – a unit of information carriage
Packet switching – process of moving packets from one node (computer device) to another

Internet, Packets and RoutingInternet is a network of computer networksData is transmitted by packet switching using the

Слайд 3A Visualization of Internet

Слайд 4A Visualization of Internet

Слайд 5Internet, Packets and Routing
At the sender, data is broken into

packets and sent to the nearest node (router)
At each router,

it sends the packet to another router that is closer to the final destination
At the receiver, packets are reassembled to get the original data
A simple analogy: mailing system

Internet, Packets and RoutingAt the sender, data is broken into packets and sent to the nearest node

Слайд 6Mailing System

Слайд 7TCP/IP and Domain Names
Basic task of IP – moving packets

as quickly as possible from one router to another
Yet, it

doesn’t check whether packets are delivered successfully, thus need TCP
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) – disassemble/reassemble packets, error checking, ACK packets

TCP/IP and Domain NamesBasic task of IP – moving packets as quickly as possible from one router

Слайд 8TCP/IP and Domain Names
We need some sort of address in

order to identify different nodes, as if every house has

a mailing address in order to receive mail from others
The one used by Internet Protocol is called IP address
Every host on the Internet has a unique IP address, made up of four numbers. E.g.. 192.56.215.131, each number is between 0 and 255

TCP/IP and Domain NamesWe need some sort of address in order to identify different nodes, as if

Слайд 9TCP/IP and Domain Names
The numbers in an IP address is

hard to remember, while names are easier
Domain Name System –

a mapping between the human-readable name (domain name) of a host and its IP address
A domain name consists of two or more parts, e.g. csse.iitu.kz
The rightmost label conveys the top-level domain, e.g. kz

TCP/IP and Domain NamesThe numbers in an IP address is hard to remember, while names are easierDomain

Слайд 10TCP/IP and Domain Names
Each label to the left specifies a

subdomain, in our example, subdomain is iitu (IT University), and

sub-subdomain is csse (computer science & software engineering).
A top-level domain contains of multiple subdomains, each subdomain can contain multiple sub-subdomain, so on.
Mapping between a domain name and an IP address is stored on DNS server.

TCP/IP and Domain NamesEach label to the left specifies a subdomain, in our example, subdomain is iitu

Слайд 11World Wide Web
The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the

Web) is a system of interlinked, hypertext documents accessed via

the Internet.
It is created to share files/documents and overcome the barrier of different file formats
Hypertext refers to text on a computer that will lead the user to other, related information on demand.

World Wide WebThe World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked, hypertext

Слайд 12World Wide Web
hypertext documents are created using a special kind

of document formatting or “markup” language called HyperText Markup Language

(HTML).
HTML is sent or received over the network using HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
A browser is a software program which interprets the HTML documents and displays it on the user’s screen.

World Wide Webhypertext documents are created using a special kind of document formatting or “markup” language called

Слайд 13URLs and Client-Server Model
Two things are given by the URL
Exact

location of the document
The method or protocol by which to

retrieve and display the document
Example, http://www.dl.iitu.kz/index.html
http:// – specifies the protocol
www.dl.iitu.kz – specifies the host name / domain name
index.html – specifies the path of the document on the host