Categories of the Adjective in OE
Grammatical Categories of the
Verb in OE The Morphological Classification of the OE Verbs
Principal Features of OE Syntax
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LECTURE 2 OE Morphology. OE Syntax.
Содержание
- 1. LECTURE 2 OE Morphology. OE Syntax.
- 2. An OutlineGrammatical categories of the Noun in
- 3. PIE had been an inflected language and
- 4. Noun Grammatical categories:CaseNumberGenderNoun declensions
- 5. The Category of Case4 cases: Nominative (the
- 6. The Category of NumberSg. and Pl.Nominative
- 7. The Category of GenderMFNPresent-day English has only
- 8. Noun declensionsA group of nouns which all
- 9. Types of declensions in OE:strong declensionweak declension root declensionminor declensions
- 10. strong declensiona-stems, ō-stems, i-stems,u-stems.
- 11. strong declension (a-stems masculine)
- 12. The a-stems form the most important declension
- 13. weak declensionn-stems nounsThis declension gave the later -en pluralCf. ModE oxen ( < OE oxan)
- 14. Слайд 14
- 15. Root declensionIts most obvious characteristic is that they should have shown i-mutation.
- 16. Singular PluralNom.
- 17. OE AdjectivesGrammatical categories:1) Number;2) Case;3) Gender;Degrees of comparison.Declensions: strong and weak.
- 18. OE VerbThe categories of OE Verb:The category
- 19. The progressive constructions: Cf. Europe hio onginð...
- 20. The perfect and plusperfect constructionsCf. Ic hæbbe gebunden þone feond;I have bound that enemy”
- 21. Passive constructionsOE he gefeaht wiþ Gotan, &
- 22. Morphological classes of OE verbsstrong, weak, preterit-presents, irregular
- 23. A peculiar feature of the Germanic languages
- 24. Strong verbs7 classes or “ablaut series”Four forms:
- 25. I. drīfan drāf drifon
- 26. Weak verbsThree forms: present infinitive; past tense;
- 27. Слайд 27
- 28. OE SyntaxOE was a highly inflected language.
- 29. Скачать презентанцию
An OutlineGrammatical categories of the Noun in OE The Grammatical Categories of the Adjective in OE Grammatical Categories of the Verb in OE The Morphological Classification of the OE Verbs Principal
Слайды и текст этой презентации
Слайд 2An Outline
Grammatical categories of the Noun in OE
The Grammatical
Categories of the Adjective in OE
Verb in OEThe Morphological Classification of the OE Verbs
Principal Features of OE Syntax
Слайд 3
PIE had been an inflected language and PG had retained
inflections to a greater a lesser extent.
In grammar, OE
carried out some simplifications of the PG system
Слайд 5The Category of Case
4 cases:
Nominative (the subject case), Accusative
( the object case), Genitive (indicating possession)
Dative (used after most
prepositions and also as the indirect object).
Слайд 6
The Category of Number
Sg. and Pl.
Nominative dæġ
dagas
Accusative dæġ dæġ
Genitive
dæġes dagaDative dæġe dagum
Слайд 7The Category of Gender
MFN
Present-day English has only natural gender,
Gender in
OE is grammatical.
Cf. OE moegden (girl), wīf (wife), bearn
(child, son), and cild (child) are in fact neuter. 
Слайд 8Noun declensions
A group of nouns which all have the same
set of inflexions attached to them are the members of
a particular declension.
Слайд 11strong declension
(a-stems masculine)
Singular
Plural
stān stānas
stānes
stānastāne stānum
stān stānas
Слайд 12The a-stems form the most important declension for the later
history of the language.
Cf. ModE stones – OE stānas
the plural inflexion -as is the antecedent of the modern standard plural marker.
Слайд 13weak declension
n-stems nouns
This declension gave the later -en plural
Cf. ModE
oxen ( < OE oxan)
Слайд 16 Singular Plural
Nom. fōt
fēt
Gen. fōtes fōta
Dat. fēt fōtum
Acc. fōt fēt
it
is the source of irregular plurals;PDE foot ~ feet, man ~ men, goose ~ geese.
Слайд 17OE Adjectives
Grammatical categories:
1) Number;
2) Case;
3) Gender;
Degrees of comparison.
Declensions: strong and
weak.
Слайд 18OE Verb
The categories of OE Verb:
The category of Person (three
persons)
The category of Number (two numbers)
The category of Mood (three
moods)The category of Tense (present and past)
Слайд 19The progressive constructions:
Cf. Europe hio onginð... of Danai þære ie,
seo is irnende of norÞdæle...
Europe she begins... from Don that
river, that is running from northern-part...
Слайд 20The perfect and plusperfect constructions
Cf. Ic hæbbe gebunden þone feond;
I
have bound that enemy”
Слайд 21Passive constructions
OE he gefeaht wiþ Gotan, & gefliemed weard &
bedrifen on anne tun
he fought against Goths and put-to-flight
was and driven into one fortressPDE: he fought against the Goths and was put to flight and driven into afortress;
Слайд 23
A peculiar feature of the Germanic languages was the division
of the verb into two great classes: the weak and
the strong verbs.
Слайд 24Strong verbs
7 classes or “ablaut series”
Four forms: the infinitive, the
past singular, the past plural, and the past participle.
Their major
categories are formed by root-vowel alternations (ablaut). 
Слайд 25
I. drīfan drāf drifon (ge)
drifen
II. cēosan cēas curon coren
III.
helpan healp hulpon holpenIV. beran bær boren
V. sprecan spræc sprecen
VI. faran fōr fōron faren
VII. feallan fēoll fēollon feallen
Слайд 26Weak verbs
Three forms: present infinitive; past tense; past participle.
They
form these forms by means of the dental suffixes.
Слайд 28OE Syntax
OE was a highly inflected language.
Meaning was determined
by case endings: that is, the relationship among words in
a sentence was determined not by the word in the sentence, but by the special endings of the words
