An apposition in Modern English

a part of the sentence expressed by a noun, and

giving some other designation to the person or thing named by that noun”
Ilyish B.A.

Pattern І: the river Thames
A geographical object: If these men

had their way they close the river Thames altogether. (Jerome, p.82)
A living being: The dog Balthasar sniffed the edges of his trousers. (The Man…p.123)
Things, abstract notions the lexical meaning of which is revealed: As for George’s nickname – «The Buccaneer» - he did not think much of that. (The Man…p.86)

consists of the common noun as the base noun and

the other noun as an apposition. Here also belong the appositional phrases expressed by prepositional nouns (with preposition «of»):
There are plenty of dogs in the town of Oxford. (Jerome, p.208)
Pattern ΙΙΙ: Green Street
Here belong common nouns as the base denoting streets, squares, hotels, mountains, islands, etc. :
Bosinney’s office was in Sloane Street, close at hand,… (The Man…p.97)

this pattern denote family relationships, professional ranks, etc.:
«Well!

Well! This must be Doctor Manson. Come in, my dear, come in! » (Cronin, 23)
Pattern V: Henry the Fourth
In this pattern the proper noun the base and the substantivized noun is apposition:
It is a famous old place. Henry VIII stole it from someone or the other, I forget whom now, and lived in it. (Jerome, p.92)

pattern consists of two common nouns, usually with the indefinite

article. This nouns are joined by the preposition «of»:
…And kissed him and asked him if he was killed, and what those great nasty brutes of dogs had been doing to him. (Jerome, p.147-148)