Changes in Late Modern English

sets

hammock (Taino, via Spanish, 1626), hurricane (Taino, via Spanish, 1555),

canoe (Carribbean, via Spanish and French, 1555), cannibal (Carribbean, 1553), potato (Taino, via Spanish, 1565), tobacco (Taino, via Spanish, 1565), maize (Taino, via Spanish, 1544), cocoa (1730, Spanish)
(*Taino people are natives of Greater Antilles and Bahamas)
Portuguese: tank (1609), savvy (1686)
Nahuatl (Mexico): Chocolate (1604), tomato (1604), axolotl (1768), ocelot (1774), coyote (1759), avocado (1696)

(1770), budgerigar, Koala etc.
Indian: pyjamas (1801), thug (1810), bungalow

(1676), jungle (1776), loot (1788), bangle, shampoo (1762), veranda (1711), curry (1681, Tamil), khaki (1856)
Persian: divan (1586)

(1603), electricity (1646), lens (1673)
oxygen (1788), chronometer (1735), centigrade (1799),

biology (1799)
petrology (1811), nuclear (1822), caffeine (1823), environment (1827), morphology (1828), paleontology (1833), chloroform (1838), bacteria (1864), claustrophobia (1879), vaccine (1882), protein (1886), biosphere (1899), lipid (1912)

(1832)
photography (1839)
airplane (1906), etc.

(1896)
Gangster (1884)
Breakthrough (1915)
Beachgoer (1917)
Self-employed (1916)
Activist (1917-20)
Supermarket (1931)
Workforce (1931)

of a gown that trails behind the wearer”)
Car (originally “any

vehicle moving on wheels“)
Engine (originally “evil contrivance“)
Locomotive (originally adjective meaning „relating to travel“)
factory (originally, from 1582, „a station where factors (brokers and other agents) reside and trade”.

well as writers were very scrupulous about writing within the

frames of established grammar and spelling rules.
Later this began to transform.
Mark Twain in his Great American Novel “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” writes from the person of Huck using dialectal English:
“The widow she cried over me…”; “She put me in them new clothes again, and I couldn’t do nothing but sweat and sweat…”; “Well, likely it was minutes and minutes that there warn’t a sound…”

Stuttering Hand, freemen's maurer, lived in the broadest way immarginable

in his rushlit toofarback for messuages before joshuan judges had given us numbers or Helviticus committed deuteronomy (one yeastyday he sternely  struxk his tete in a tub for to watsch the future of his fates but ere he swiftly stook it out again, by the might of moses, the very wat er was eviparated and all the guenneses had met their exodus so that ought to show you what a pentschanjeuchy chap he was!) and during mighty odd years this man of hod, cement and edifices in Toper's Thorp piled buildung supra buildung pon the banks for the livers by the Soangso. He addle liddle phifie Annie ugged the little craythur.

Merging words to get new notions:
Yeastyday = yeasty - cons. of yeast; turbulent, ebullient, full of vitality + yesterday
stook = to arrange in shocks + took
Watsche (ger) - slap in the face + watch + wash the features of his face.
Buildung = building + Bildung (ger) - education.

 

panel

Ransomware (requires the victim to pay a ransom to access

encrypted files)
one of recently coined words is also “abandonware”
4. hive mind

women, styled to resemble a pair of denim jeans.
3. Infomania
The

compulsive desire to check or accumulate news and information, typically via mobile phone or computer.
4. Screenager
A person in their teens or twenties who has an aptitude for computers and the Internet.
5. Sexting
sending of sexually explicit photographs or messages via mobile phone.)
6. Textspeak (n):
Language regarded as characteristic of text messages, consisting of abbreviations, acronyms, initials, emoticons. (wut hpns win u write lyk dis.)
7. Noob
A person who is inexperienced in a particular sphere or activity, especially computing or the use of the Internet.
8. Locavore
A person whose diet consists only or principally of locally grown or produced food.
9. Muffin Top
A roll of fat visible above the top of a pair of women’s tight-fitting low-waisted trousers.
10. Whovian
A fan of the British science-fiction television series Doctor Who.
11. Hatemonger
someone who tries to encourage people to hate other people or groups
12. Hangry
When the level of hungry goes into a new dimension, you are something more than just hungry: You’re hangry (hungry + angry).