Разделы презентаций


Classification o f functional styles презентация, доклад

Содержание

The newspaper style

Слайды и текст этой презентации

Слайд 1Classification of functional styles
Lecture 2 - continued

Classification of functional stylesLecture 2 - continued

Слайд 2The newspaper style

The newspaper style

Слайд 3The newspaper style
Is it a functional style?
newspapers carry extremely

diverse printed matter and samples of practically any style are

to be found on newspaper pages, including official documents and scientific articles ;
different genres of newspaper articles perform different functions.
= There is no newspaper style, but a conglomerate of specimens of different styles in the English newspapers.
The newspaper style Is it a functional style?newspapers carry extremely diverse printed matter and samples of practically

Слайд 4The newspaper style
BUT:
specimens of different styles are commonly found

side by side between the covers of one book ;
official

documents are never published intact, in full (a journalist rewrites what he believes are the most essential parts of a document in his own words, quoting from the original text);
articles on scientific problems are not written by specialists (“by / from our science correspondent”), i.e., original information is adapted to the needs of the newspaper and subjected to the norms of NS
The newspaper style BUT:specimens of different styles are commonly found side by side between the covers of

Слайд 5N.M. Naer:

Newspaper style can be defined as a socially recognized

and functionally conditioned system of interrelated language means that serves

the purpose of informing the reader of the events of the day and instructing him as to the evaluation of such events.
N.M. Naer:Newspaper style can be defined as a socially recognized and functionally conditioned system of interrelated language

Слайд 6The newspaper style
Plays a decisive role in shaping the standards

of present-day English.
Is a socially conditioned and functionally oriented linguistic

unit.
There are 2 interrelated functions of NS:
the informative
and the evaluative.

All genres are evaluative, but in different degree.

The newspaper stylePlays a decisive role in shaping the standards of present-day English.Is a socially conditioned and

Слайд 7Features of NS
BREVITY
Newspaper clichés (defect of style vs. an indispensable

element: vital issue, informed sources, top priority);
special terms and special

vocabulary, political vocabulary (republic, summit talks, names of political parties and diplomatic terms);
abbreviations: frequent, familiar. In announcements and ads – clipped words: (1 bedr apt Feb).

Features of NSBREVITYNewspaper clichés (defect of style vs. an indispensable element: vital issue, informed sources, top priority);special

Слайд 8Features of NS
noun + noun constructions (smtms they are purely

situational, require context: Drainpipe rescue for children);
emotive vocabulary: words with

emotive meaning and connotation, colloquialisms and slang units (esp. - in headlines);
periphrases and metonymy (White House demands… the Kremlin refuses…);
allusions to current facts, historical events;
small paragraphs;
Features of NSnoun + noun constructions (smtms they are purely situational, require context: Drainpipe rescue for children);emotive

Слайд 9Features of NS
short words (1-syll., esp. in headlines);
assimilated terms of

other special fields:
sport: a dark horse, to win a race,

to hit below the belt;
military: to attack, to be under fire, to catch flak;
foreign words and barbarisms: status quo, per capita, persona non grata;
neologisms: stagflation, to black – to boycott;
graphic means (esp. in popular press);
Features of NSshort words (1-syll., esp. in headlines);assimilated terms of other special fields:sport: a dark horse, to

Слайд 10Features of NS
complex syntactical structures (esp. in brief news items);
specific

word order (esp. in brief news items);
violation of the sequence

of tenses rules (in news stories);
the most common stylistic devices are
repetition, allusion, periphrasis, simile, epithet, metaphor, metonymy, decomposition of phraseological units + word-building means
Features of NScomplex syntactical structures (esp. in brief news items);specific word order (esp. in brief news items);violation

Слайд 11Examples
The national political football season has [begun…]
Mr. … doesn’t strike

the public just now as a natural Santa Claus. More

like Scrooge.
‘Pie in the sky’ is too colourless a phrase to describe Mr. N’s closing speech to the Tory party conference. It was more like caviar in the stratosphere. He set a new record for the gap between promises and performance.
Where there is a bill, there is a way.
ExamplesThe national political football season has [begun…]Mr. … doesn’t strike the public just now as a natural

Слайд 12Newspaper headlines
Aims:

to attract the reader’s attention, hence:
graphical means – type,

its choice and change
to give a hint about the contents
to

preserve enigma

Three-Power-Nuclear-Test-Ban Talks in Geneva

Newspaper headlinesAims:to attract the reader’s attention, hence:graphical means – type, its choice and changeto give a hint

Слайд 13Newspaper headlines
Structure:
Elliptic (omit articles, pronouns and the verb to be):

Moscow silent on Paris talks;
Interrogative sentences: What oils the wheels

of industry?
Full declarative sent-s: Policeman finds girl in river;
Phrasal verbs (brevity): Keeping prices down;
Stone-wall constructions: Baby death rate drop;
Set expressions: Don’t cry over spilt milk;

Newspaper headlinesStructure:Elliptic (omit articles, pronouns and the verb to be): Moscow silent on Paris talks;Interrogative sentences: What

Слайд 14Newspaper headlines
Other features:
The use of the imperative mood, direct speech;
New

words are coined:
Teascape: Two prisoners have escaped from a

police station first floor cell by digging their way out with a teaspoon.
Alliteration: catches the reader’s eye and holds his attention:
Karen, In Bed Beats the Bailiffs.

Newspaper headlinesOther features:The use of the imperative mood, direct speech;New words are coined: 	Teascape: Two prisoners have

Слайд 15Newspaper headlines
Other features:
eye-catching words;
purely evaluational headlines: If only…
short one-syllable

words: ban, bid, crash, hit;
emotional vocabulary: fury, sad;
colloquialisms, slang

units, vulgar words,
trite metaphors and similes: rising like a Phoenix;
metonymy.


Newspaper headlinesOther features:eye-catching words;purely evaluational headlines: If only… short one-syllable words: ban, bid, crash, hit;emotional vocabulary: fury,

Слайд 16Types of headlines
Subheads – brief headings within the body of

a news story when one long part is over, for

the reader to follow.

A jumphead – the headline of a part of a news story or article, which is continued from the preceding page. It is a modification of the original HL:
(Act To Set Warren Free – Free Warren)
Types of headlinesSubheads – brief headings within the body of a news story when one long part

Слайд 17Brief news items
Present the principle vehicle of information.
The brevity

is accounted for by several reasons:
historical,
technical (limitations of

space)
and pragmatic (catch the reader’s eye).
Usually range from 1 to 4-5 sentences;
As a rule are anonymous.
Brief news itemsPresent the principle vehicle of information. The brevity is accounted for by several reasons: historical,

Слайд 18Brief news items
Morphological features:
special use of tense forms:
Present Ind.

and Pr. Perf.;
sequences of tenses is sometimes violated
Vocabulary features:
cliches.

Brief news itemsMorphological features:special use of tense forms: Present Ind. and Pr. Perf.; sequences of tenses is

Слайд 19Brief news items
Syntactical features:
the shorter the news item, the

more complex the syntactical structure;
the BNI contain
verbal constructions,
compressed

syntactical structures,
in order to cram into 1 sentence as much information as possible.
Brief news itemsSyntactical features: the shorter the news item, the more complex the syntactical structure;the BNI contain

Слайд 20Brief news items
Composition:
more essential facts (what happened),
facts of less

importance (where, when, how).

Hence the rule of 5 W’s:
Who

– What – Why/How – Where – When
S - P(O) - Adv. modifiers of reason, manner, place and time
Brief news itemsComposition:more essential facts (what happened), facts of less importance (where, when, how). Hence the rule

Слайд 21Newspaper articles
comment upon events,
naturally reflect the paper’s attitude
bear

a subjective character in their interpretation of events.
Consequently:
emotional colouring


wide use of various SDs;
special terms;
phraseology.
Newspaper articlescomment upon events, naturally reflect the paper’s attitude bear a subjective character in their interpretation of

Слайд 22Feature articles
carry abundant and detailed information about the subject in

question
are extremely diverse in subject-matter (politics, society, economy, science, art,

literature, medicine, education, household matters, latest fashion, etc.);
elements of different styles + different groups of specific vocabulary.
Feature articlescarry abundant and detailed information about the subject in questionare extremely diverse in subject-matter (politics, society,

Слайд 23Editorials
are a principle vehicle of commentary;
deal with socio-political matters and

comment on the political and other facts of the day;
the

main purpose:
to give an adequate interpretation of the news
in line with the stand of the editors
and with the policy of those who back the paper.
The function – to influence / form the reader’s opinion by
logical argumentation (reasoning) + appeal to the reader’s senses (rather than to his mind).

Editorialsare a principle vehicle of commentary;deal with socio-political matters and comment on the political and other facts

Слайд 24Ads and Announcements

have become an indispensable part of the news

page.

The purpose of an ad or announcement –

to inform the reader.
Ads and Announcementshave become an indispensable part of the news page. The purpose of an ad or

Слайд 25Classified
according to their subject-matter
are arranged into separate sections (births,

marriages, deaths, in memoriam, business offers, personal, situations / positions

vacant);
the structure is absolutely identical (clichés);
elliptical sentences, absence of articles and prepositions (economize space!);
the vocabulary is neutral (but for personal ads).
Classifiedaccording to their subject-matter are arranged into separate sections (births, marriages, deaths, in memoriam, business offers, personal,

Слайд 26Non-classified
show a high degree of variation both in graphical forms

and linguistic means;
are commonly printed in separate boxes, sometimes with

a picture in ¼, ½ or a full page, [possess] various shapes and colours.
Elliptical, interrogative, exclamatory sentences are used to convey a kind of personal touch, direct address: Think of buying a home?
Non-classifiedshow a high degree of variation both in graphical forms and linguistic means;are commonly printed in separate

Слайд 27The newspaper style
Summary

special political, economic terms;
non-terminological political vocabulary;
newspaper clichés;
abbreviations;
neologisms.

The newspaper styleSummaryspecial political, economic terms;non-terminological political vocabulary;newspaper clichés;abbreviations;neologisms.

Обратная связь

Если не удалось найти и скачать доклад-презентацию, Вы можете заказать его на нашем сайте. Мы постараемся найти нужный Вам материал и отправим по электронной почте. Не стесняйтесь обращаться к нам, если у вас возникли вопросы или пожелания:

Email: Нажмите что бы посмотреть 

Что такое TheSlide.ru?

Это сайт презентации, докладов, проектов в PowerPoint. Здесь удобно  хранить и делиться своими презентациями с другими пользователями.


Для правообладателей

Яндекс.Метрика