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elementary Particles

1897. - Dzh.Tomson discovered the electron1919 - E.Rutherford opened proton1932 - J. Chadwick opens neutron

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Слайд 1elementary Particles

elementary Particles

Слайд 21897. - Dzh.Tomson discovered the electron
1919 - E.Rutherford opened proton
1932

- J. Chadwick opens neutron

1897. - Dzh.Tomson discovered the electron1919 - E.Rutherford opened proton1932 - J. Chadwick opens neutron

Слайд 3Starting from 1932. Opened more than 400 elementary particles
Elementary particle

- is the micro-object, which can not be split into

its component parts, and which interacts with other micro-objects as a whole.
Starting from 1932. Opened more than 400 elementary particles	Elementary particle - is the micro-object, which can not

Слайд 4The quantities characterizing the elementary particles
weight
electric charge
lifetime
Spin

(angular momentum of its own)

The quantities characterizing the elementary particlesweight electric charge lifetime Spin (angular momentum of its own)

Слайд 5Elementary particles are divided into:
Fermions - particles with half-integer spin

(1/2 h, 3/2 h ....)
For example, an electron, proton,

neutron

Bosons - particles with integer spin (0, h, 2 h ....)
For example: the photon, pion

Elementary particles are divided into:Fermions - particles with half-integer spin (1/2 h, 3/2 h ....) For example,

Слайд 6Fermions obey the Pauli principle
In the same energy state can

be located not more than two fermions with opposite spins.
Wolfgang

Pauli
Austrian physicist
Fermions obey the Pauli principleIn the same energy state can be located not more than two fermions

Слайд 7 In 1931, English physicist P.Dirac theoretically predicted the existence of

the positron - electron antiparticles.

In 1931, English physicist P.Dirac theoretically predicted the existence of the positron - electron antiparticles.

Слайд 8 In 1932, the positron was discovered experimentally by the American

physicist Carl Anderson.
In 1947. antipion was discovered.
In 1955 -

the antiproton, and in 1956 antineu.
In 1932, the positron was discovered experimentally by the American physicist Carl Anderson.In 1947. antipion was discovered.

Слайд 9 Annihilation - the interaction of elementary particle with its antiparticle,

in which they are converted into photons or other particles.
The

reverse process of annihilation:
Annihilation - the interaction of elementary particle with its antiparticle, in which they are converted into photons

Слайд 10In 1963, American theoretical physicist J. Zweig and M. Gell-Mann

hypothesized that hadrons consist of quarks.
In 1969, the experimental confirmation

of the quark structure of hadrons came from Stanford.
In 1963, American theoretical physicist J. Zweig and M. Gell-Mann hypothesized that hadrons consist of quarks.In 1969,

Слайд 11U up quark
d down quark
S

strange quark
t truth quark
В beauty

quark
С charmed quark
U  up quark d  down quark S  strange quark t   truth quark

Слайд 12characteristics of quarks

characteristics of quarks

Слайд 13Baryons consist of three quarks:
p = (u; u; d),

n = (u; d; d)
Mesons consist of a quark and

an antiquark:
P + = (u; d)



Quark structure of hadrons

Baryons consist of three quarks: p = (u; u; d), n = (u; d; d)Mesons consist of

Слайд 14 Each type quarks can have three color charge: red, blue

and green. All hadrons not color.
Since there are 6

and 6 antiquarks quark, each of which may have three colors, then the total number of quark is 36.
Each type quarks can have three color charge: red, blue and green. All hadrons not color. Since

Слайд 15 Fundamental particles are leptons and quarks. All fundamental particles -

fermions.
Thus, the universe around us is composed of 48

fundamental particles.
Fundamental particles are leptons and quarks. All fundamental particles - fermions. Thus, the universe around us is

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