Слайд 1ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA
PRESENTED BY- ANIKET
RAGHUWANSHI
192 –B
SCIENTIFIC LEADER –SVETLANA MAM
Слайд 2ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA
Entamoeba histolytica is an anaerobic parasitic amoebozoan, part
of the genus Entamoeba. Predominantly infecting humans and other primates
causing amoebiasis, E. histolytica is estimated to infect about 35-50 million people worldwide.
Слайд 4DISEASE OF ENTAMOBEA
Entamoeba histolytica is an ameba that feeds on
cells in the human colon. It is the cause of
amebic dysentery (bloody diarrhea) as well as colonic ulcerations. The infection is also referred to as amebiasis.
Слайд 5GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
COSMOPOLITIAN
The prevalence of Entamoeba infection is as high as 50% in areas of
Central and South America, Africa, and Asia. E histolytica seroprevalence studies in
Mexico revealed that more than 8% of the population were positive
Слайд 7MORPHOLOGY
. Trophic:
The trophic forms vary in size from 15-40
micro average being 25 micro. The cell body is divisible
into two distinct portions—ectoplasm and endoplasm. The ectoplasm is clear and translucent while the endoplasm is granular
Слайд 8Cysts vary in diameter from 10-20 micro. The cysts are
spherical. The cyst wall is double and the cytoplasm usually
bears four nuclei. The cytoplasm is clear and often contains black rod-like chromatoid bar or bodies.
the cyst of E.histolytica reaches caecum or lower part of ileum excystation
occurs and an amoeba with four nuclei emerges and that divides by binary fission to form eight trophozoites.
Trophozoites migrate to the large intestine and lodge into the submucosal tissue.
Trophozoites grow and multiply by binary fission in the large intestine (Trophozoite phase of the life cycle is responsible for producing characteristics lesion of amoebiasis).
Certain numbers of trophozoites are discharged into the lumen of the bowel and are transformed into cystic forms.
The cysts thus formed are unable to develop in the same host and therefore necessitate a transference to another susceptible host. The cysts are passed in the feces.
Слайд 12 PATHOGENECITY
E. histolytica, as its name
suggests (histo–lytic = tissue destroying), is pathogenic; infection can be asymptomatic
or can lead to amoebic dysentery or amoebic liver abscess. Symptoms can include fulminating dysentery, bloody diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, abdominal pain, and amoeboma
Слайд 13 SYMPTOMS
On average, about one
in 10 people who are infected with E. histolytica becomes sick from
the infection. The symptoms often are quite mild and can include loose stools, stomach pain, and stomach cramping. Amebic dysentery is a severe form of amebiasis associated with stomach pain, bloody stools, and fever
Слайд 14 DIAGNOSIS
A single stool examination
has a low sensitivity of detecting the parasite (129). The
best diagnostic method is detection of E. histolytica antigen or DNA in stool (78, 79). Clinical diagnosis of amebiasis is difficult because of the nonspecific nature of symptoms
Слайд 15 TREATMENT
Current U.S. treatment guidelines
recommend as first line either metronidazole 750 mg PO tid
for 7-10 days (35-50 mg/kg/d in children) OR tinidazole 2 g once PO daily for 5 days (50 mg/kg/day in children 3 years of age or older). Luminal agents used are paromomycin, iodoquinol, and diloxanide furoate.
Слайд 16PREVENTION AND CONTROL
Improved sanitation will help to reduce the liklihood
of transmission. Travelers to endemic areas can reduce the risk
of infection by drinking bottled water, not using ice cubes in drinks, and washing fruits and vegetables with clean water (or by peeling them yourself).
Слайд 18Reference
https://youtu.be/wBPh9svlU9Q
https://youtu.be/gfCunkjxkMo
https://youtu.be/VRMv_lzhMZc