Eskandr Gon LAW

iterations of the Constitution of Egypt following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the

president is also the supreme commander of the Armed Forces, and head of the executive branch of the Egyptian government.
The current president is Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, in office since 8 June 2014.

Sisi was born in Cairo and after joining the Egyptian Army, held a post in Saudi Arabia before enrolling in the Egyptian Army's Command and Staff College. In 1992, Sisi trained at the Joint Services Command and Staff College at Watchfield, Oxfordshire, in the United Kingdom, and then in 2006 trained at the United States Army War College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.

intelligence. After the Egyptian revolution of 2011 and election of Mohamed Morsi to the

Egyptian presidency, Sisi was appointed Minister of Defence by Morsi on 12 August 2012, replacing the Mubarak-era Hussein Tantawi.

Mostafa Kamal Madbouly (Arabic: مصطفى كمال مدبولي‎, born 28 April 1966) is the current Prime Minister of Egypt. He was appointed by President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi to succeed Sherif Ismail following his government's resignation in the wake of Sisi's re-election.

- an Egyptian citizen.
- born to Egyptian parents (never having dual nationality).
- have

participated in the military or be exempted from it.
- less than 40 years old. and A U.S. resident (permanently lives in the U.S.) for at least 14 years.

Failure to vote can result in fine or even imprisonment,

but in practice a significant percentage of eligible voters do not vote. About 60 million voters are registered to vote out of a population of more than 85 million.

A successful candidate must be elected by the majority of the votes. If no candidate attains such a majority, elections will be repeated after at least seven days between the two candidates having the highest votes.
Term of office : 6 years; renewable, 2 term limits.

constitutional amendments to the 1971 Constitution, the President is the

pre-eminent executive figure, who names the Prime Minister of Egypt as well as appoints the Cabinet per the latter's recommendation, while in reality, was the head of both the state and of the government, aside from being the top foreign policy maker and holding supreme command over the military.

During martial law, the President also anoints deans of faculties and majors, and can also enlist or oust people in the private sector. He or she then also has the power to issue regulations for the enforcement of laws, ensuring proper public services, etc., which have been transferred to the Prime Minister under the 2012 and 2014 Constitutions. Egypt had been under martial law since 1981. After the Egyptian revolution in 2011 – 2012, that ousted the 30-year regime of then President Hosni Mubarak, the martial law was suspended.

in which the President shares executive powers with the Prime

Minister. This structure was retained under a new Constitution that was ratified on 2014, one year after a military coup ousted the country's first democratically elected president, Mohamed Morsi. Defense Minister and Field Marshal Abdel Fattah el-Sisi later suspended the 2012 Constitution. Sisi was elected President of Egypt under the 2014 Constitution, months after it was ratified.

of state as well as that of the executive. He

or she lays down, along with the Prime Minister and the Cabinet, the state's general policy and oversees its implementation, represents Egypt in foreign relations and has the power to ratify treaties, can issue decrees having the force of law when the House of Representatives is in recess and such decrees is subject for approval by the House after resuming its sessions at the end of the recess and acts as the supreme commander of the armed forces. He or she has also the power of pardon, and exercise necessary powers in times of emergencies.

serves for a term of four years. He is limited

to two terms, whether successive or separated. For example, if incumbent President Sisi had been unsuccessful in his bid for reelection in 2018, he would have been eligible to run again in 2022, and if successful would have had to leave office for good in 2022.

The Egyptian parliament voted overwhelmingly on Thursday 14 February 2019 to approve draft amendments to the country's 2013 constitution, putting an end to presidential term limits and potentially allowing incumbent President Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi to remain in office until 2034. These amendments were subsequently ratified in the 2019 Egyptian constitutional referendum.
During his tenure in office, the president is not allowed to be a formal member of a political party.
If the president-elect is announced before the end of the incumbent president's term, the incumbent president continues in office until the end of his term.

of Representatives (Arabic: مجلس النواب‎ Magles en-Nowwab) is currently a unicameral legislature (though the

approval of the 2019 Egyptian constitutional referendum will create a second chamber, called the Senate).
The Parliament is located in Cairo, Egypt's capital. Under the country's 2014 constitution, as the legislative branch of the Egyptian state the Parliament enacted laws, approved the general policy of the State, the general plan for economic and social development and the general budget of the State, supervised the work of the government, and had the power to vote to impeach the president of the Republic, or replace the government and its prime minister by a vote of no-confidence.
The parliament is made up of 596 seats, with 448 seats elected through the individual candidacy system, 120 elected through winner-take-all party lists (with quotas for youth, women, Christians, and workers) and 28 selected by the president.

individual Westminster constituencies in advance of a general election. The term originally

came into use because of the strict limits on the amount of expenses incurred by an election candidate, regardless of whether the election had been formally called.
The candidates were termed "prospective" because referring to them simply as a candidate would arguably trigger the moment when money spent to promote them would need to be included in their declaration of expenses after the election.

In 2004, however, the law was changed so that the trigger for election expenses being accountable was to be the calling of an election and not the announcing of a candidacy. Some political parties had already started to use terms such as "parliamentary spokesperson", believing that some voters were confused by the unusual word "prospective"; however, the older form of words continues to be widely used,despite these changes in the law.

en-Nowwab) is currently a unicameral legislature (though the approval of

the 2019 Egyptian constitutional referendum will create a second chamber, called the Senate). The Parliament is located in Cairo, Egypt's capital.

Functions :
In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries

exercise power to make and enforce laws. A government's basic

functions are providing leadership, maintaining order, providing public services, providing national security, providing economic security, and providing economic assistance.

of laws, how to apply them to real situations, and

whether a law breaks the rules of the Constitution. The Constitution is the highest law of our Nation.

The Supreme Judicial Council is the governing body responsible for the administrative affairs of the ordinary judiciary. It has seven members, consisting of the President of the Court of Cassation, who serves as the council’s president; the two most senior Vice-Presidents of the Court of Cassation; the Presidents of the Courts of Appeal for Cairo, Alexandria, and Tanta; and the Prosecutor General.

of Cassation, and Supreme Administrative Court. The Supreme Constitutional Court has exclusive jurisdiction to

decide issues regarding the constitutionality of laws. The Court of Cassation is the supreme court of the common court system. The Supreme Administrative Court is the highest court of the administrative court system, called the State Council.
The Prosecutor General and the Public Prosecution Office he heads are an independent part of the judicial branch of government, not under executive authority or control. The Prosecutor General is a judge, selected from among the senior judiciary by the Supreme Judicial Council, and appointed by the President to serve a single term of four years. Multiple terms are constitutionally prohibited.

maximum wage". The Cairo Post. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
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in pledge to end state of emergency". BBC News. 11 February 2011. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
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4- "Muslim Brotherhood's Morsi becomes Egypt's first civilian president". The Christian Science Monitor 24 June 2012.
5- Jump up to: "Egypt's newly-approved constitution to be followed by tackling key political laws". Ahram Online. 19 January 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
6- Yeranian, Edward. "Egypt's Parliament Moves to Extend Presidential Term Limits". VOA News. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
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president will not bow out before (hi) Egyptian elections". The Guardian.

Retrieved 28 August 2012.
9- "President Mansour signs into law parliamentary elections legislation". Ahram Online. 5 June 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
10-  "Sisi thanks Egyptians for their 'dazzling' participation in constitutional referendum". Ahram Online. 23 April 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
11-"Egypt election committee to announce date for parliamentary poll Sunday" Ahram Online. 27 August 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
12- Jump up to:a"Egypt's new constitution to be passed to president on Tuesday, opening the way for presidential elections first". Ahram Online. 2 December 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
13-"'Support Egypt' coalition sweeps Egypt parliament's 25 committees". Ahram Online. 3 October 2018. Retrieved 18 April2019.