Lecture 5

Содержание

1. Lecture 5
2. COM 340Stereotype def.: a fixed impression of
3. Types of stereotypesRACIAL e.g. Red Indians in
4. Heaven and HellHeaven is where the police
5. Where do stereotypes come from?Parents and familyThe
6. A British view of EuropeMap by Yanko TsvetkovSee: http://alphadesigner.com/project-mapping-stereotypes.html
7. A French view of EuropeMap by Yanko TsvetkovSee: http://alphadesigner.com/project-mapping-stereotypes.html
8. A US view of EuropeMap by Yanko TsvetkovSee: http://alphadesigner.com/project-mapping-stereotypes.html
9. An Australian view of the World?Image from the ABC2 series, ‘Dumb, Drunk & Racist’See: http://www.abc.net.au/tv/dumbdrunkracist/
10. what’s the difference?Stereotype & cultureOverly-homogenisingDerogatory (not always)EssentialisingSuperficial
11. COM 340Stereotypes-3 essential aspects1) We categorize others
12. COM 340When we observe the behavior of
13. COM 340Personal and Situational Attributes can be
14. COM 340Attributes
15. COM 3403 Levels of Critical Attributes1) True
16. COM 340Can aid in prediction using critical
17. COM 340Poor prediction accuracy using non-critical attributes.Can
18. COM 3401) Distinguish between the Critical and
19. COM 3402) Narrow the group definition to
20. COM 3403) Focus on the ProcessIt is
21. COM 340
22. COM 340
23. Group activityCOM 340
24. Overcoming Stereotyping COM 340
25. Overcoming Stereotyping COM 340
26. Overcoming Stereotyping COM 340
27. Overcoming Stereotyping COM 340I have a beard, but I am not a male
28. Скачать презентанцию

COM 340Stereotype def.: a fixed impression of a group of people through which we then perceive specific individuals.If we use the characteristics of a particular person and generalize it to the

Слайды и текст этой презентации

Слайд 1COM 340
Lecture 5
Stereotypes,
Stereotyping and
Attribution

Слайд 2COM 340
Stereotype def.: a fixed impression of a group of

people through which we then perceive specific individuals.
If we use

the characteristics of a particular person and generalize it to the whole group, then we are stereotyping.
Stereotyping is a very basic and necessary human behavior.
Stereotypes most often are negative, although they can be positive.

Stereotyping

COM 340Stereotype def.: a fixed impression of a group of people through which we then perceive specific

Слайд 3Types of stereotypes

RACIAL e.g. Red Indians in cowboy films are

seen as bloodthirsty savages
GENDER e.g. women are bad drivers
AGE

e.g. old people are said to be very forgetful
RELIGION e.g. Catholics families have a lot of children
PROFESSION e.g. all lawyers are greedy

Types of stereotypesRACIAL e.g. Red Indians in cowboy films are seen as bloodthirsty savagesGENDER e.g. women are

Слайд 4Heaven and Hell

Heaven is where the police are British, the

cooks are French, the mechanics are German, the lovers are

Italian and it is all organised by the Swiss.

Hell is where the police are German, the cooks are English, the mechanics are French, the lovers are Swiss, and it is all organised by the Italians.

Heaven and HellHeaven is where the police are British, the cooks are French, the mechanics are German,

Слайд 5Where do stereotypes come from?

Parents and family
The media
Friends
Education (school, university)
Travel
Laziness
Fear
Envy
A

sense of superiority
Lack of experience of people, etc.

Where do stereotypes come from?Parents and familyThe mediaFriendsEducation (school, university)TravelLazinessFearEnvyA sense of superiorityLack of experience of people,

Слайд 6 A British view of Europe
Map by Yanko Tsvetkov
See: http://alphadesigner.com/project-mapping-stereotypes.html

Слайд 7 A French view of Europe
Map by Yanko Tsvetkov
See: http://alphadesigner.com/project-mapping-stereotypes.html

Слайд 8 A US view of Europe
Map by Yanko Tsvetkov
See: http://alphadesigner.com/project-mapping-stereotypes.html

Слайд 9An Australian view of the World?
Image from the ABC2 series,

‘Dumb, Drunk & Racist’
See: http://www.abc.net.au/tv/dumbdrunkracist/

Слайд 10what’s the difference?
Stereotype & culture
Overly-homogenising
Derogatory (not always)
Essentialising
Superficial

Слайд 11COM 340
Stereotypes-3 essential aspects
1) We categorize others based on easily

identifiable characteristics.
We make a generalization about a group of people.
2)

We assume that certain attributes apply to most or all of the people in the category.
We make assertions about the characteristics of all people who belong to that category.
3) We assume that individual members of the category have the attributes associated with the group.
We fail to take into account differences among the members of the group.

COM 340Stereotypes-3 essential aspects1) We categorize others based on easily identifiable characteristics.We make a generalization about a

Слайд 12COM 340
When we observe the behavior of someone engaged in

a situation, we infer the cause of the behavior using

“attribution theories.”
Personal Attribution: When we explain someone’s behavior in terms of his or her personality, motivation, or personal preferences.
Situational Attribution: When we explain someone’s behavior in terms of unusual circumstances, social pressure, or physical forces beyond the person’s control.

Explaining Behavior

COM 340When we observe the behavior of someone engaged in a situation, we infer the cause of

Слайд 13COM 340
Personal and Situational Attributes can be divided into...
1) Critical

Attributes
those attributes we should pay attention to.
2) Non-critical Attributes
those attributes

we should ignore.

Attribution

COM 340Personal and Situational Attributes can be divided into...1) Critical Attributesthose attributes we should pay attention to.2)

Слайд 14COM 340
Attributes

Слайд 15COM 340
3 Levels of Critical Attributes
1) True for everybody of

that group.
2) True for most, but not for everybody of

that group.
3) At least something that is common enough for most people of that group that we need to be aware of it.

There seems to be something in our cognitive processing that over emphasizes characteristics of a group.

COM 3403 Levels of Critical Attributes1) True for everybody of that group.2) True for most, but not

Слайд 16COM 340
Can aid in prediction using critical attributes.
Helps you to

“cover your bases”
Gives confidence to the person who is stereotyping.

Stereotypes

- Usefulness

COM 340Can aid in prediction using critical attributes.Helps you to “cover your bases”Gives confidence to the person

Слайд 17COM 340
Poor prediction accuracy using non-critical attributes.
Can justify discriminatory behavior.
Often

has a “self-fulfilling” effect or prophecy.
In other words, we see

what we expect to see.
You might become “overly” self-confident by thinking you “know” about those people.
This might prevent you from being open to learning more about those people.
Most people (especially in an individualistic culture) don’t like to be stereotyped, either positively or negatively.

Stereotypes - Dangers

COM 340Poor prediction accuracy using non-critical attributes.Can justify discriminatory behavior.Often has a “self-fulfilling” effect or prophecy.In other

Слайд 18COM 340
1) Distinguish between the Critical and Non-critical Attributes.
We must

try to rid our minds of the non-critical attributes and

focus on the critical attributes.
This will give us the “good” (i.e. “accurate”) stereotypes.

Overcoming Stereotyping (1)

COM 3401) Distinguish between the Critical and Non-critical Attributes.We must try to rid our minds of the

Слайд 19COM 340
2) Narrow the group definition to help eliminate the

non-critical attributes.
This increases the complexity of and the number of

traits in our stereotypes.
For example...
All Americans are...
People that live in the mid-west are...
All Arabs are...
Members of the Al Qaida or ISIS are…
All Blacks are...
Some black males raised in poverty are...

Overcoming Stereotyping (2)

COM 3402) Narrow the group definition to help eliminate the non-critical attributes.This increases the complexity of and

Слайд 20COM 340
3) Focus on the Process
It is important to change

our viewpoint from focusing on the outcome, to focusing on

the process of communication.
It is important to begin as soon as possible to interact with a person based on his or her own personality and rely less on the stereotype in our mind.
Cultivate a state of “alert and lively awareness” and avoid “mindlessness.”

Overcoming Stereotyping (3)

COM 3403) Focus on the ProcessIt is important to change our viewpoint from focusing on the outcome,

Слайд 21COM 340

Слайд 22COM 340

Слайд 23Group activity
COM 340

Слайд 24Overcoming Stereotyping
COM 340

Слайд 25Overcoming Stereotyping
COM 340

Слайд 26Overcoming Stereotyping
COM 340

Слайд 27Overcoming Stereotyping
COM 340
I have a beard, but I am

not a male

Скачать презентацию

Разделы презентаций

Lecture 5

Содержание

Слайды и текст этой презентации

Слайд 1COM 340Lecture 5Stereotypes,Stereotyping andAttribution

Слайд 2COM 340Stereotype def.: a fixed impression of a group of

people through which we then perceive specific individuals.If we use

Слайд 3Types of stereotypesRACIAL e.g. Red Indians in cowboy films are

seen as bloodthirsty savagesGENDER e.g. women are bad drivers AGE

Слайд 4Heaven and HellHeaven is where the police are British, the

cooks are French, the mechanics are German, the lovers are

Слайд 5Where do stereotypes come from?Parents and familyThe mediaFriendsEducation (school, university)TravelLazinessFearEnvyA

sense of superiorityLack of experience of people, etc.

Слайд 6 A British view of EuropeMap by Yanko TsvetkovSee: http://alphadesigner.com/project-mapping-stereotypes.html

Слайд 7 A French view of EuropeMap by Yanko TsvetkovSee: http://alphadesigner.com/project-mapping-stereotypes.html

Слайд 8 A US view of EuropeMap by Yanko TsvetkovSee: http://alphadesigner.com/project-mapping-stereotypes.html

Слайд 9An Australian view of the World?Image from the ABC2 series,

‘Dumb, Drunk & Racist’See: http://www.abc.net.au/tv/dumbdrunkracist/

Слайд 10what’s the difference?Stereotype & cultureOverly-homogenisingDerogatory (not always)EssentialisingSuperficial

Слайд 11COM 340Stereotypes-3 essential aspects1) We categorize others based on easily

identifiable characteristics.We make a generalization about a group of people.2)

Слайд 12COM 340When we observe the behavior of someone engaged in

a situation, we infer the cause of the behavior using

Слайд 13COM 340Personal and Situational Attributes can be divided into...1) Critical

Attributesthose attributes we should pay attention to.2) Non-critical Attributesthose attributes

Слайд 14COM 340Attributes

Слайд 15COM 3403 Levels of Critical Attributes1) True for everybody of

that group.2) True for most, but not for everybody of

Слайд 16COM 340Can aid in prediction using critical attributes.Helps you to

“cover your bases”Gives confidence to the person who is stereotyping.Stereotypes

Слайд 17COM 340Poor prediction accuracy using non-critical attributes.Can justify discriminatory behavior.Often

has a “self-fulfilling” effect or prophecy.In other words, we see

Слайд 18COM 3401) Distinguish between the Critical and Non-critical Attributes.We must