Michael Faraday

of the Royal Society of London

. He studied independently. In 1813 he became an assistant

H. Davy ( English chemist and physicist, one of the founders of electrochemistry ) at the Royal Institution in London in 1825 - the director of the laboratory of the Royal Institute , succeeding G. Davy, in 1833-1862 - Professor of Chemistry .

the magnet around a conductor with a current and a

current carrying conductor around the magnet , creating a laboratory model of the motor. In this experiment clearly revealed the connection between electrical and magnetic phenomena . It is no coincidence that in the same year, Faraday set myself goal is " to turn the magnetism into electricity ."

the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction - the occurrence of an

electric current in a conductor when the magnetic flux through the wire loop. In subsequent years, the scientist studied in detail the discovery of the phenomenon and established the laws of electromagnetic induction , discovered (1835 ) extra- after closing and opening and established their direction .

identity of the then known forms of electricity , "

animal " , " magnetic " , thermoelectricity , electricity generated by friction , galvanic electricity . The desire to clarify the nature of the electric current led him to experiment on the current passing through the solutions of acids , salts and alkalis .

cathode , an anode , ions , electrolysis , electrolytes

, electrodes (1834 ); invented voltmeter (1833 ) ; in 1845 he discovered diamagnetism , and in 1847 - paramagnetism .

the concept of field . He was the first in

the 30 of the 19th century introduced the concept of the field , in 1845 used the term "magnetic field" , clearly formulated his concept in 1852 . According to Albert Einstein's opinion, the idea of the field was the original idea of Faraday , the most important discovery since Newton .

and magnetic phenomena Faraday introduced the idea of ​​the electric

and magnetic field lines , which he, however , any real thought . He also is the creator of the electromagnetic field exercises . In 1846, in " Thoughts on the radial oscillations of " Faraday expressed the idea of the electromagnetic nature of light .

the effect of dielectrics on electric interaction ( the polarization

of dielectrics ) and introduced the concept of the dielectric constant ; He suggested distributing electric and magnetic interaction through an intermediate medium

of conservation of electric charge . He came close to

opening the law of conservation and transformation of energy , having stated in 1840 the idea of the unity of the forces of nature ( the various forms of energy ) and their mutual transformation .

particular his widely known book “History of a Candle”, translated

into almost all languages of the world.