PROPHYLACTICS OF PNEUMONIA VACCINATION

children under 5 years old, killing 808 694 children in

2017.
Pneumonia can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi.
Pneumonia can be prevented by immunization, adequate nutrition, and by addressing environmental factors.
Pneumonia caused by bacteria can be treated with antibiotics, but only one third of children with pneumonia receive the antibiotics they need.

a year and occurring in all parts of the world.

It is a major cause of death among all age groups resulting in 4 million deaths (7% of the world's total death) yearly.
Rates are greatest in children less than five, and adults older than 75 years. It occurs about five times more frequently in the developing world than in the developed world. Viral pneumonia accounts for about 200 million cases. In the United States, as of 2009, pneumonia is the 8th leading cause of death.

is amoxicillin dispersible tablets. Most cases of pneumonia require oral

antibiotics, which are often prescribed at a health centre.
These cases can also be diagnosed and treated with inexpensive oral antibiotics at the community level by trained community health workers. Hospitalization is recommended only for severe cases of pneumonia.

strategy to reduce child mortality. Immunization against Hib, pneumococcus, measles

and whooping cough (pertussis) is the most effective way to prevent pneumonia.

Adequate nutrition is key to improving children's natural defenses, starting with exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life. In addition to being effective in preventing pneumonia, it also helps to reduce the length of the illness if a child does become ill.

affordable clean indoor stoves, for example) and encouraging good hygiene

in crowded homes also reduces the number of children who fall ill with pneumonia.

In children infected with HIV, the antibiotic cotrimoxazole is given daily to decrease the risk of contracting pneumonia.

for pneumonia and diarrhoea (GAPPD) aims to accelerate pneumonia control

with a combination of interventions to protect, prevent, and treat pneumonia in children with actions to:

Protect children from pneumonia including promoting exclusive breastfeeding and adequate complementary feeding;

air pollution, HIV prevention and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for HIV-infected and

exposed children.
Treat pneumonia focusing on making sure that every sick child has access to the right kind of care -- either from a community-based health worker, or in a health facility if the disease is severe -- and can get the antibiotics and oxygen they need to get well.

Zambia have developed district, state and national plans to intensify

actions for the control of pneumonia.
Many more have integrated pneumonia specific action into their national child health and child survival strategies. For many countries the post Millenium Development Goal agenda has explicitly included ending pneumonia deaths as a priority action.

health problems.[19] It is believed that, if appropriate preventive measures

were instituted globally, mortality among children could be reduced by 400,000; and, if proper treatment were universally available, childhood deaths could be decreased by another 600,000.

children and adults. Influenza vaccines are modestly effective at preventing

symptoms of influenza.
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends yearly influenza vaccination for every person 6 months and older. Immunizing health care workers decreases the risk of viral pneumonia among their people.

to support their use. There is strong evidence for vaccinating

children under the age of 2 against Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine).
Vaccinating children against Streptococcus pneumoniae has led to a decreased rate of these infections in adults, because many adults acquire infections from children.

that cause serious infections in children and adults.
PCV13 is

part of the standard vaccination protocol for babies and is administered by a pediatrician.

beginning when they’re 2 months old. The final dose is

given to babies by 15 months.
In adults aged 65 and older, PCV13 is given as a one-time injection. Your doctor may recommend revaccination in 5 to 10 years.

23 kinds of bacteria. It’s not recommended for children.
PPSV23

is recommended for adults over age 65 who’ve already received the PCV13 vaccine. This typically occurs around one year later.

that increase their risk for pneumonia should also get this

vaccine.
People who receive PPSV23 at age 65 generally don’t require revaccination at a later date.

of community acquired pneumonia in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary

disease, but does not reduce mortality or the risk of hospitalization for people with this condition.
People with COPD are suggested to have a pneumococcal vaccination. Other vaccines for which there is support for a protective effect against pneumonia include pertussis, varicella, and measles.

who are allergic to the vaccine or any ingredient in

it
people who had an allergic reaction to PCV7, a former version of the pneumonia vaccine
women who are pregnant
people who have a severe cold, flu, or other illness

include:
redness or swelling at the injection site
muscle aches
fever
chills

weakened immune system
a progressive lung disease, such as COPD
asthma
heart disease
smoking cigarettes

or recreational drugs
have medical issues affecting their gag reflex, such

as a brain injury or trouble swallowing
are recovering from surgical procedures that required anesthesia

and coughing exercises, which your doctor or nurse will walk

you through
keeping your hands clean
keeping your head elevated
oral hygiene, which includes an antiseptic such as chlorhexidine
sitting as much as possible, and walking as soon as you are able

from cooking indoors with wood or dung, are both recommended.

Smoking appears to be the single biggest risk factor for pneumococcal pneumonia in otherwise-healthy adults.
Hand hygiene and coughing into one's sleeve may also be effective preventative measures. Wearing surgical masks by the sick may also prevent illness.

malnutrition) can decrease the risk of pneumonia.
In children less

than 6 months of age, exclusive breast feeding reduces both the risk and severity of disease.

and administering antibiotic treatment, if needed, reduces rates of pneumonia

in infants.
Zinc supplementation in children 2 months to five years old appears to reduce rates of pneumonia.

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