Слайд 1ПОРЯДОК СЛОВ
В ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИИ
Лекция 14
Слайд 2Порядок слов
Порядок слов в простом предложении:
Инверсия – вынесение вперед наиболее
важного в смысловом аспекте компонента предложения.
Слайд 3Инверсия
Fronting:
negative adverbials limiting adverbials
never, nowhere, hardly, rarely, seldom,
nothing, not once, hardly ever,
scarcely ever,
not for nothing, only now, only once,
no way, never once, only
occasionally,
on no account only rarely
little, not only
Слайд 4Инверсия
Not only did his figure appear to have shrunk, but
his discomfiture seemed to have extended itself even to his
dress.
Не только его фигура выглядела помятой, но даже одежда, казалось, носила следы его замешательства.
Little did I think that this would be the prelude to the most crushing misfortune of my life.
Я и не предполагал, что это событие окажется прелюдией к самому сокрушительному несчастью в моей жизни.
Seldom have I seen such a remarkable creature.
Мне не часто доводилось видеть столь удивительное существо.
Слайд 5Инверсия
Inversion after place adverbials:
In Britain alone is selective state education
reviled.
Only in Britain is there segregation of pupils.
In this
street lived the first printers and stained-glass craftsmen.
At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel.
Complement // Direct object:
A funny language English is.
An awful accident we saw on the way here.
Слайд 6Pushing Information Forward
It + be + spotlighted information + that
/ who …
subject It was Julia who phoned us on Saturday.
adverbial It
was on Saturday that Julia phoned us.
direct object It was us that Julia phoned on Saturday.
indirect object Was it Mary (that) you gave the file to?
subordinate It was in order to cheep up Julia that we
clause phoned them
Слайд 7Pushing Information Back
dummy there + exist, remain, live, happen,
come
the information expressed by the subject is long and difficult
to process.
Слайд 8Subordinate Clauses
Adverbial clauses (time & condition conjunction):
Your daughter left before
you woke up.
Before you come in, please take off your
shoes.
Noun clauses (question words, predicative clauses):
Whether I want to go out or not needn’t concern you.
I’m sure (that) I had it earlier.
The point I want to make is that (!) we’re in trouble.
Relative clauses (relative pronouns):
I’m working with students who appreciate what I do.
Her husband died, which was the beginning of her depression.
Слайд 9That clauses
feelings: angry, disappointed, feelings, sensation
I’m pleased (that) you were
able to come.
mental states: believe, convinced, determined
I have a hunch
(that) she will not come.
necessity: crucial, essential, important
I think it necessary (that) you (should) go there at once.
fact or possibility: likely, probable, sure, true, fact, certainty, possibility.
The fact was that he had forgotten about it.
Слайд 10Compound Sentence
but, and, for, or, nor, so, while
Flower gardens are
beautiful, but they are a lot of work.
Some people prefer
going to the theatre, while others will stay at home watching TV programmes.
moreover, however, besides, yet, still, otherwise, therefore, in addition, on the other hand, as a result
Carolyn has new boots; in addition, she has new gloves.
Lawrence likes pumpkin pie; however, I prefer mince pie.
During the storm, the lights went out; moreover, the telephone lines were damaged.