Regionalism

FUNCTIONING OF PARTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM:
- GEOGRAPHIC
TERRITROIAL-ECONOMIC
CIVILIZATION
CULTURAL
ETHNOPSYCHOLOGICAL
ETHNIC CONFESSIONAL

THESE MORE

NARROW (PRIVATE) REGULATIONS DESCRIBE THE FUNCTIONING OF REGIONAL AND SUB-REGIONAL SUBSYSTEMS - A TOTAL OF SPECIFIC INTERNATIONAL INTERACTIONS BASED ON GENERAL:
Geographic
Economic
Cultural and civilizational
Political (spatial)

security, and economic, aimed at increasing competitiveness and strengthening positions

in the global economy. Cross-border and cross-border cooperation at the level of local and regional authorities occupies a special place in international regionalism.

different international regional organizations. Their predominant part is aimed at

developing the economies of the participating countries and increasing their competitiveness. The largest international regional groupings include NATO’s military-political bloc, the European Union (EU) and the North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA), which account for almost 40% of global GDP. The organizations of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and many other regional associations have been created. The EU and the slightly lagging APEC organization are leaders in the structure of world exports among regional groupings

on 8th August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand. There are 10 member

countries of ASEAN including Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Indonesia, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Philippines and Myanmar. The main goals of ASEAN are to increase economic growth, social progress and promote regional space and stability. It aims to transform ASEAN into a single entity. Singapore is the biggest trading market of ASEAN countries. As per the trade map, ASEAN exports of goods to the global market worth USD 890 billion and imports worth USD 846 billion in the year 2017. However, the exports were USD 1183 billion and imports were USD 1105 billion during 2016.

economies and accounting approximately 60% of the world’s GDP. It

is responsible for facilitating economic growth, cooperation, trade and investment in this region. APEC consists of 21 member countries including Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Taipei, Thailand, United States and Vietnam. APEC exports of goods stood at USD 8021 billion and imports stood at USD 7997 billion during the year 2016. China and United States are the biggest trading countries.

Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. However, South Africa

has joined this group in the year 2010 and earlier it was known as BRIC. The total exports of BRICS amounted to USD 2902 billion and imports amounted to USD 2339 billion during 2017. China is the largest trading country in terms of both imports and exports among these countries and recorded 70% of BRICS exports and 65% of BRICS imports.

block in the world and formed in the year 1951.

It has built a single Europe-wide market and also launched Euro as a single currency for regional trading. European Union goods exports to the global market worth USD 5887 billion and imports worth USD 5785 billion during the year 2017. EU consists of 28 member countries.

1st January 1994 and comprises three giant member countries which are

Canada, United States and Mexico. USA and Canada provide highly industrialized environment for manufacturing & services growth while Mexico provides cheaper resources. NAFTA is responsible to eliminate trade barriers among its member countries, promote a free trade environment and to increase investment opportunities.

NAFTA goods exports stood at USD 2376 billion and imports stood at USD 3262 billion during the year 2017. United States is the largest trading country among NAFTA countries.

the year 1991 and it is a group of 12

member countries including Azerbaijan, Armenia, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Georgia, Moldova, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. According to CIS countries trade data, the contribution of CIS nations in the world’s exports was 2.6% in 2016, which declined from 2015’s 3%. And in world’s imports, countries of CIS region contributed 2% in both the years.

as an organization of independent sovereign states that have agreed

to cooperate in developing the regional or global trade. It is an economic union of southern and eastern African countries. It consists of 19 member countries such as Burundi, Comoros, DR Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. COMESA exports recorded USD 65.93 billion and imports recorded USD 142.29 billion during the year 2016. Egypt is the largest trader among COMESA countries.

platform for the people of South Asian countries to work

together in a spirit of trust and understanding. It was founded on 8th December 1985 and its member states include Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. SAARC exports of goods to the world worth USD 330 billion and imports worth USD 481 billion in the year 2016. India is the biggest trading country in both imports and exports among SAARC members. SAARC organize summits annually and the country hosting the summit holds the chair of the association.

Southern Common Market and it was established on 26th March 1991.

It is tariff union of South American countries covering the market of Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Paraguay and Uruguay. Its associate members include Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Its main goals are to accelerate sustained economic development.

MERCOSUR is one of the fastest growing trading blocks in the world. Spanish and Portuguese are the major languages spoken in this region. MERCOSUR global exports worth USD 292 billion and imports worth USD 237 billion during the year 2017.

21 member countries such as Australia, Bangladesh, Comoros, India, Indonesia,

Iran, Kenya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mozambique, Oman, Seychelles, Somalia, Singapore, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, UAE and Yemen. Initially IOR ARC consisted of 7 countries only but it has expanded to include other countries as well. It aims to promote sustainable growth and development of its members. IOR-ARC exports worth USD 1875 billion and imports worth USD 1847 billion during 2016.

enhance wealth.
States may join such blocs in the interests of

specific economic interest groups (or resist joining under pressure from interest groups).
For geopolitical and security reasons
These reasons are not mutually exclusive, they work in conjunction