State Exam Questionnaire

and dynamic verbs. Dynamic verbs (sometimes referred to as "action verbs") usually

describe actions we can take, or things that happen; Stative verbs usually refer to a state or condition which is not changing or likely to change.

Ex:
Dynamic: play, melt, hit
Stative: believe, contain, own, hate

enables us to say information in a more economical way.

We can use participle clauses when the participle and the verb in the main clause have the same subject.

We use the perfect participle (having been + past participle) to stress that the action in the participle clause took place before the action in the main clause.

Example:
Having been cut, her hair looked strange.
Long form: After her hair had been cut, it looked strange.

action that happened at a specific time. For example, “I

went out with my friends last night.” The adverb “last night” is not required, but it does help clarify that the event happened at a specific time. While you form the present perfect by using “have” or “has” followed by the past participle form of the verb.

For example, “I have graduated from college.” It is also called “present perfect” because speakers use it to stress the importance of a past event in the present. The sentence “I have graduated from college,” emphasizes the present effect of a past event -- graduation. The exact time of the graduation is not important. 

the tense of the verbs to reflect that we are

reporting.
When we report yes/no questions we use ‘if’ or ‘whether’.
Ex: Direct question: “Do you like working in teams?” 
Reported question: He asked if I liked working in teams.

When there is a question word (what, where, why, who, when, how) we use that question word in the reported question but there is no auxiliary verb and the word order is like an affirmative sentence.
Ex: Direct question: “What time does the train leave?” 
Reported question: He asked what time the train left.
 

phrase.
They tell us whether the noun phrase is specific or

general.
Determiners are either specific or general

We use a specific determiner when we believe the listener/reader knows exactly what we are referring to.
Ex: the, this, that, those, my, his, hers, which

When we are talking about things in general and the listener/reader does not know exactly what we are referring to, we can use an uncount noun or a plural noun with no determiner:
Ex: a, any, every

phrase.
They tell us whether the noun phrase is specific or

general.
Determiners are either specific or general

We use a specific determiner when we believe the listener/reader knows exactly what we are referring to.
Ex: the, this, that, those, my, his, hers, which

When we are talking about things in general and the listener/reader does not know exactly what we are referring to, we can use an uncount noun or a plural noun with no determiner:
Ex: a, any, every, etc.
Pattern: If + past perfect tense + would + have + past participle
Ex: If I had warned me, I would not have told your father about eh party.

condition is possible.
Time: This condition refers either to present or

to future time.
Pattern: If+ Present Tense+ will+ infinitve/present
Ex: If you help me with the dishes I will help you with your homework.

Second conditional
Nature: unreal (impossible) or improbable situations.
Time: present; the TENSE is past, but we are talking about the present, now.
Pattern: If+ past tense + would + infinitive
Ex: If I knew her name I would tell you.

Third conditional
Nature: unreal
Time: Past (so we are talking about a situation that was not so in the past.)

about someone or something – information that we need in

order to understand what or who is being referred to. A defining relative clause usually comes immediately after the noun it describes. We usually use a relative pronoun (e.g. who, that, which, whose and whom) to introduce a defining relative clause.
Ex: They’re the people who want to buy our house.

We use non-defining relative clauses to give extra information about the person or thing. It is not necessary information. We don’t need it to understand who or what is being referred to.
We always use a relative pronoun (who, which, whose or whom) to introduce a non-defining relative clause
Ex: Clare, who I work with, is doing the London marathon this year.

continuous to talk about things where there is a connection

between the past and the present.

The difference is that  present perfect continuous talks about how long something has been happening. The present perfect simple talks about how much/how many have been completed.

Example:
I’ve read that book you lent me. I finished it yesterday.(Present Perfect simple)
I’ve been reading that book you lent me. I’ve got another 50 pages to read.
(present perfect continuous)

have + past participle) tenses are used to talk about

events in the future.

We use the future continuous to talk about something that will be in progress at or around a time in the future.
Ex: Don’t phone grandma now, she’ll be having dinner.

We use the future perfect to say that something will be finished by a particular time in the future. We often use the future perfect with ‘by’ or ‘in’
Ex: I think astronauts will have landed on Mars by the year 2020.

are decided at the time of speaking (spontaneous offers, promises

and decisions):
Come on, I'll help you with those bags.

Be going to is used to express future intentions that have already been decided before the time of speaking:
I can't make it on Saturday. I'm going to help my parents around the house.

Might is used to express what is hypothetical, counterfactual, or remotely possible. For example,
If you hurry, you might get there on time.

May is used to express what is possible, factual, or could be factual. For example,
He may lose his job.

example, I want to buy an electric car. The first verb is

'want', the second verb is 'buy'.

There are several different types of pattern.

1. Verb + to + verb: Ex: I want to work with Dr. Laver.
2. Verb + verb + ing: Ex: I enjoy working on the emergency ward.
3. Verb + preposition + verb +ing Ex: He specialises in helping children.
4. Verb + object + verb: Ex: Dad let me keep the cat.