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System Software Software Slide 1

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What You Will Learn . . .The two major components of operating system softwareWhy a computer isn’t useful without an operating systemThe five basic functions of an operating systemWhat happens when

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Слайд 1
System Software

Software
Slide

System SoftwareSoftwareSlide

Слайд 2What You Will Learn . . .
The two major components

of operating system software
Why a computer isn’t useful without an

operating system
The five basic functions of an operating system
What happens when you turn on a computer
The three major types of user interfaces

Software

Slide

What You Will Learn . . .The two major components of operating system softwareWhy a computer isn’t

Слайд 3What You Will Learn . . .
The strengths and weaknesses

of the most popular operating systems
The seven essential system utilities
Data

backup procedures
Troubleshooting techniques

Software

Slide

What You Will Learn . . .The strengths and weaknesses of the most popular operating systemsThe seven

Слайд 4System Software
System software includes all of the programs needed to

keep a computer and its peripheral devices running smoothly
Two major

categories of system software are:
Operating systems (OS)
System utilities

Software

Slide

System SoftwareSystem software includes all of the programs needed to keep a computer and its peripheral devices

Слайд 5The Operating System (OS): The Computer’s Traffic Cop
The operating system is

a set of programs that perform certain basic functions with

a specific type of hardware
The functions of the operating system are:
Starting the computer
Managing programs
Managing memory
Handling messages from input and output devices
Enabling user interaction with the computer

Software

Slide

The Operating System (OS): The Computer’s Traffic CopThe operating system is a set of programs that perform

Слайд 6Starting the Computer
Booting – The process of loading or reloading

the operating system into the computer’s memory
The booting processes are:
Cold

boot – Loads the OS when the power is turned on
Warm boot – Reloads the OS when the computer is already on

Software

Slide

Starting the ComputerBooting – The process of loading or reloading the operating system into the computer’s memoryThe

Слайд 7Starting the Computer
The computer copies the kernel from the hard

drive into the computer’s memory
The kernel:
Is the central part of

the operating system
Starts all applications
Manages devices and memory
Resides in memory at all times
Performs other essential functions

Software

Slide

Starting the ComputerThe computer copies the kernel from the hard drive into the computer’s memoryThe kernel:Is the

Слайд 8Starting the Computer
The step-by-step booting process (click for each step):
Software
Slide


BIOS is
loaded
Power-on
Self-test is
completed
Operating
System is
loaded
System
configuration
is
accomplished
System
Utilities are
loaded
Users are
authenticated

Starting the ComputerThe step-by-step booting process (click for each step):SoftwareSlide BIOS is loadedPower-on Self-test is completedOperatingSystem isloadedSystem

Слайд 9Step 1: The BIOS and Setup Program
ROM (read only memory)

– Permanent and unchanging memory
BIOS (basic input/output system) – The

part of the system software that includes the instructions that the computer uses to accept input and output
Load – To transfer from a storage device to memory
ROM loads BIOS into the computer’s memory
Setup program – A special program containing settings that control the computer’s hardware
The program can be accessed while the BIOS information is visible

Software

Slide

Step 1: The BIOS and Setup Program ROM (read only memory) – Permanent and unchanging memoryBIOS (basic

Слайд 10Step 2: The Power-On-Self-Test (POST)
POST (power-on-self-test) – A series of

tests conducted on the computer’s main memory (random access memory

or RAM), input/output devices, disk drives, and the hard disk
BIOS conducts a Power-On-Self-Test (POST) to check the input/output system for operability
The computer will produce a beeping sound and an error message will appear on the monitor if any problems are encountered

Software

Slide

Step 2: The Power-On-Self-Test (POST) POST (power-on-self-test) – A series of tests conducted on the computer’s main

Слайд 11Step 3: The Operating System (OS) Loads
BIOS searches for the

OS
Settings in the CMOS―complementary metal-oxide semiconductor―determine where to look for

the OS
The operating system’s kernel is loaded into the computer’s memory
The OS takes control of the computer and begins loading system configuration information

Software

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Step 3: The Operating System (OS) Loads BIOS searches for the OSSettings in the CMOS―complementary metal-oxide semiconductor―determine

Слайд 12Step 4: System Configuration
Registry – A database that stores information

about peripherals and software
Peripheral – Device connected to a computer
Driver

– A utility program that makes peripheral devices function properly
The system is configured from the operating system’s registry
Drivers are loaded into memory

Software

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Step 4: System ConfigurationRegistry – A database that stores information about peripherals and softwarePeripheral – Device connected

Слайд 13Step 5: System Utilities Loads
System utilities are loaded into memory
Volume

control
Antivirus software
PC card unplugging utility
Software
Slide

Step 5: System Utilities LoadsSystem utilities are loaded into memoryVolume control Antivirus softwarePC card unplugging utilitySoftwareSlide

Слайд 14Step 6: Users Authentication
Authentication or user login occurs
User name
Password
The

user interface starts, enabling user interaction with computer programs

Software
Slide

Step 6: Users Authentication Authentication or user login occursUser namePasswordThe user interface starts, enabling user interaction with

Слайд 15Managing Applications
Single-tasking operating systems run one application program at a

time
Multitasking operating systems have the ability to run more than

one application program at a time
Multitasking is accomplished by:
A foreground application – The active program or program in use
One or more background applications – Inactive program(s) or program(s) not in use

Software

Slide

Managing ApplicationsSingle-tasking operating systems run one application program at a timeMultitasking operating systems have the ability to

Слайд 16Example of Multitasking
Background application

Foreground application
Software
Slide

Example of Multitasking Background application Foreground applicationSoftwareSlide

Слайд 17Managing Programs
Preemptive multitasking – Enables the operating system to regain

control if an application stops working
Software
Slide

Managing ProgramsPreemptive multitasking – Enables the operating system to regain control if an application stops workingSoftwareSlide

Слайд 18Managing Memory
Computers use memory to make processing more fluid
The operating

system allocates memory areas for each running program; it keeps

programs from interfering with each other
The operating system uses virtual memory as an extension of random access memory (RAM)

Software

Slide

Managing MemoryComputers use memory to make processing more fluidThe operating system allocates memory areas for each running

Слайд 19Managing Virtual Memory
Software
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Managing Virtual MemorySoftwareSlide

Слайд 20Handling Input and Output
Input and output devices generate interrupts, or

signals, that tell the operating system that something has happened

The

OS provides interrupt handlers or mini-programs that begin when an interrupt occurs

Interrupt request (IRQ) lines handle the communications between input/output devices and the CPU

An IRQ conflict causes system
instability when two devices try to use
the same IRQ line

Software

Slide

Handling Input and OutputInput and output devices generate interrupts, or signals, that tell the operating system that

Слайд 21Providing the User Interface
The user interface is that part of

the operating system with which the user interacts with a

computer
User interface functions:
Start application programs
Manage disks and files
Shut down the computer safely

Software

Slide

Providing the User InterfaceThe user interface is that part of the operating system with which the user

Слайд 22Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Software
Slide
Graphical user interface (GUI):
Uses graphics

to create a desktop environment
Icons (small pictures) represent computer resources
Programs

run within on-screen windows
Graphical User Interface (GUI)SoftwareSlide Graphical user interface (GUI): Uses graphics to create a desktop environmentIcons (small pictures)

Слайд 23Menu-driven User Interface
Menu-driven:
Text-based menus are used to show all of

the options available to the user

Software
Slide

Menu-driven User InterfaceMenu-driven:Text-based menus are used to show all of the options available to the userSoftwareSlide

Слайд 24Command-Line Interface
Software
Slide
Command-line:
The user is required to type keywords or

commands in order to enter data or give instructions

Command-Line InterfaceSoftwareSlide Command-line:The user is required to type keywords or commands in order to enter data or

Слайд 25Exploring Popular Operating Systems
Software
Slide
WINDOWS XP
MAC OS X
WINDOWS NT
WINDOWS CE

Exploring Popular Operating SystemsSoftwareSlide WINDOWS XPMAC OS XWINDOWS NTWINDOWS CE

Слайд 26Exploring Popular Operating Systems
Software
Slide
MS-DOS
LINUX
UNIX

Exploring Popular Operating SystemsSoftwareSlide MS-DOSLINUXUNIX

Слайд 27Microsoft Windows
Click to view each Windows version (1985-2001)
Software
Slide
Windows 1.0

(1985)
Windows 2.0 (1987)
Windows 3.x (1990-1992)
Windows NT (1993)
Windows 95 (1995)
Windows 98

(1998)

Windows 2000 (2000)

Windows ME (2000)

Windows XP (2001)

Microsoft WindowsClick to view each Windows version (1985-2001)SoftwareSlide Windows 1.0 (1985)Windows 2.0 (1987)Windows 3.x (1990-1992)Windows NT (1993)Windows

Слайд 28Windows XP
Released in 2001 by Microsoft
XP is short for “experience”
Uses

the same underlying code for all versions
Replaces all previous versions

of Windows
Three versions:
Windows XP Home Edition
Windows XP Professional
Windows XP Server

Software

Slide

Windows XPReleased in 2001 by MicrosoftXP is short for “experience”Uses the same underlying code for all versionsReplaces

Слайд 29Windows NT
Released in 1993 by Microsoft
Designed for client/server systems
Two components:

Windows NT Workstation
Windows NT Server
Oriented to business needs
Offers security,

remote administration, directory services, and a Web server

Software

Slide

Windows NTReleased in 1993 by MicrosoftDesigned for client/server systemsTwo components: Windows NT Workstation Windows NT ServerOriented to

Слайд 30Windows CE
Released in 1996 by Microsoft
System used in PDAs or

palmtops
Runs simplified versions of Windows programs
Data can be transferred to

PCs
Includes handwriting and voice recognition

Software

Slide

Windows CEReleased in 1996 by MicrosoftSystem used in PDAs or palmtopsRuns simplified versions of Windows programsData can

Слайд 31MAC OS
Created in 1984
First OS to use graphical user

interface
Easiest operating system for beginners
A new version, Mac OS X,

was released in 2000

Software

Slide

MAC OSCreated in 1984 First OS to use graphical user interfaceEasiest operating system for beginnersA new version,

Слайд 32Linux
Developed in 1991 by UNIX
Open-source code –Available for all to

see and use
Competes with Windows and MAC-OS
Powerful and free
Growing acceptance
Software
Slide


LinuxDeveloped in 1991 by UNIXOpen-source code –Available for all to see and useCompetes with Windows and MAC-OSPowerful

Слайд 33MS-DOS
Developed for IBM PCs in 1981
Uses command-line interface
Use is diminishing
Software
Slide

MS-DOSDeveloped for IBM PCs in 1981Uses command-line interfaceUse is diminishingSoftwareSlide

Слайд 34UNIX
Developed by AT&T in 1970s
Included first preemptive multitasking system
Developed concepts

of file management and path names
Facilitates client/server networking
Widely used by

corporations

Software

Slide

UNIXDeveloped by AT&T in 1970sIncluded first preemptive multitasking systemDeveloped concepts of file management and path namesFacilitates client/server

Слайд 35System Utilities: Tools for Housekeeping
System utilities are programs that help

the operating system manage the computer system’s resources
Types of utilities:
Backup

software
Antivirus software
Disk scanning
Disk defragmentation
File management
File-searching software
File compression

Software

Slide

System Utilities: Tools for HousekeepingSystem utilities are programs that help the operating system manage the computer system’s

Слайд 36Backup Software
Backup software includes programs that enable the user to

copy data from the hard disk to another storage medium
Types

of backups:
Full backup
Incremental backup

Software

Slide

Backup SoftwareBackup software includes programs that enable the user to copy data from the hard disk to

Слайд 37Antivirus Software
Antivirus software protects the computer from computer viruses
Software
Slide

Antivirus SoftwareAntivirus software protects the computer from computer virusesSoftwareSlide

Слайд 38File Management Utilities
Known as a file manager
Enables the user to

perform various tasks on storage devices using files, folders, and

directories
Tasks include:
Creating folders
Saving, deleting, copying, and moving files and folders
Examining the contents of files
Launching application programs

Software

Slide

File Management UtilitiesKnown as a file managerEnables the user to perform various tasks on storage devices using

Слайд 39Search
Search programs enable users to find files on storage devices
Software
Slide

SearchSearch programs enable users to find files on storage devicesSoftwareSlide

Слайд 40File Compression Utility
A file compression utility reduces the size of

a file
Software
Slide

File Compression UtilityA file compression utility reduces the size of a fileSoftwareSlide

Слайд 41Disk Scanning Programs
Disk-scanning utilities are programs that detect and fix

physical and logical problems on storage devices
Disk cleanup utilities are

programs that remove files that are no longer needed

Software

Slide

Disk Scanning ProgramsDisk-scanning utilities are programs that detect and fix physical and logical problems on storage devicesDisk

Слайд 42Disk Defragmentation Programs
A disk defragmentation program moves data on a

storage device to improve performance
Software
Slide

Disk Defragmentation ProgramsA disk defragmentation program moves data on a storage device to improve performanceSoftwareSlide

Слайд 43System Update
Windows Update keeps the operating system up to date
windowsupdate.microsoft.com
Software
Slide

System UpdateWindows Update keeps the operating system up to datewindowsupdate.microsoft.comSoftwareSlide

Слайд 44Troubleshooting
Computer startup failure:
Use a boot disk (emergency disk) in the

floppy drive
Configuration problems after adding new peripherals:
Start the computer in

Windows’ safe mode
Access safe mode by pressing the F8 key during the startup process

Software

Slide

TroubleshootingComputer startup failure:Use a boot disk (emergency disk) in the floppy driveConfiguration problems after adding new peripherals:Start

Слайд 45Troubleshooting
System slowdown:
Scan for viruses
Check the CPU fan
Check BIOS options
Defragment the

hard disk
Software
Slide

TroubleshootingSystem slowdown:Scan for virusesCheck the CPU fanCheck BIOS optionsDefragment the hard diskSoftwareSlide

Слайд 46Shutting Down Your System
Click Start, then Turn Off Computer
Standby -

low power state
Shut Down – turns computer off
Restart – reboots

computer

Software

Slide

Shutting Down Your SystemClick Start, then Turn Off ComputerStandby - low power stateShut Down – turns computer

Слайд 47Chapter 4 Summary
Two of the system software components are the

operating system and system utilities
The operating system coordinates the functions

of a computer’s hardware and provides support for application programs
An operating system manages programs, memory, and input/output devices, and it also provides a means of communicating with the user
The six steps to start a computer are loading the BIOS, power-on self-test, load operating system, configure system, load utilities, authenticate users

Software

Slide

Chapter 4 SummaryTwo of the system software components are the operating system and system utilitiesThe operating system

Слайд 48Chapter 4 Summary (continued)
Two major operating systems for the personal

computer are Microsoft Windows and the Mac OS X
The basic

types of user interface are command-line, menu-driven, and graphical
System utilities keep the computer running efficiently
Backup procedures keep data safe
Troubleshooting is helpful for discovering errors



Software

Slide

Chapter 4 Summary (continued)Two major operating systems for the personal computer are Microsoft Windows and the Mac

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