The British Empire the Commonwealth the European Union

Содержание

1. The British Empire the Commonwealth the European Union
2. A worldwide system of dependencies that
3. Colonies: areas directly ruled by a governor representing
4. The largest empire in history. For
5. was centered in the Caribbean, North America,
6. The loss of American colonies in
7. 1815 the Congress of Vienna:Cape ColonySouth AfricaThe "Second British Empire" (1783-1931)
8. Ceylon (Sri Lanka)1815 the Congress of Vienna:
9. Malta1815 the Congress of Vienna:
10. The eastern two thirds of Australia were
11. The major purpose was a prison.Western Australia
12. 1840-60 - Opium Wars Opium , China,
13. the Emperor of China demanded that the
14. Hong Kong
15. Company Rule The British East India Company controlled
16. India
17. 1875 ̶ the Br Government bought from
18. The Suez Canal
19. 1882 the UK's military occupation of Egypt
20. 1899 – 1902 - the Boer War
21. Слайд 21
22. Johannesburg
23. The Afrikaners (Dutch settlers) resented the newcomersThe
24. Britain got the Transvaal and the Orange Free State Africa
25. The Treaty of Versailles in 1919 German
26. covered over almost a quarter of the
27. The League of Nations (abbreviated as LN in English), was an intergovernmental
28. After World War I Britain was exhausted,
29. was the official collapse of the BEeach
30. By 1931 The UK’s empire had already
31. After World War II ended, the British Empire was
32. the Indian Independence Act 1947 1948 Ceylon and BurmaIn
33. 1884 Lord Rosebery described the changing British
34. At the 1926 Imperial Conference, Britain and its
35. a legal system based upon English
36. sovereignty over fourteen overseas territories, which remain
37. Скачать презентанцию

A worldwide system of dependencies that over a span of some three centuries was brought under the sovereignty of the crown of GB and the administration of the British government.Colonies,

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Слайд 1The British Empire the Commonwealth the European Union
Lecture 8

Слайд 2 A worldwide system of dependencies
that over a span

of some three centuries
was brought under the sovereignty of

the crown of GB
and the administration of the British government.

Colonies, protectorates, dominions, mandates and other territories.

The British Empire

A worldwide system of dependencies that over a span of some three centuries was brought under

Слайд 3Colonies:
areas directly ruled by a governor representing the Br Government

and Crown. He had wide powers. The most common form

of control.
Protectorates:
local rulers could continue ruling domestically but the foreign and defense aspects were ceded to the Br Government.
Dominions:
were granted significant freedom to rule themselves. The settler colonies were afforded this freedom.
Company Rule:
when private British companies tried to set up their own colonies as private commercial concerns.

Forms of control

Colonies: areas directly ruled by a governor representing the Br Government and Crown. He had wide powers. The

Слайд 4
The largest empire in history.
For a time was

the foremost global power.
A product of the European age

of discovery.
Expanded and contracted wildly over the years.

The British Empire

The largest empire in history. For a time was the foremost global power. A product of

Слайд 5was centered in
the Caribbean,
North America,
Asia (India)
The "First

British Empire" (1583-1783) – 17th - 18th century

Слайд 6 The loss of American colonies in The American War of

Independence led to the end of the 1st British Empire.

The "First

British Empire" (1583-1783) – 17th - 18th century

The loss of American colonies in The American War of Independence led to the end of the 1st

Слайд 7 1815 the Congress of Vienna:
Cape Colony
South Africa

The "Second British

Empire" (1783-1931)

Слайд 8Ceylon
(Sri Lanka)
1815 the Congress of Vienna:

Слайд 9Malta
1815 the Congress of Vienna:

Слайд 10The eastern two thirds of Australia were claimed on behalf

of the British Empire in 1770 by Captain James Cook,

and was subsequently named New South Wales.

Australia

Слайд 11The major purpose was a prison.
Western Australia was first settled

by the British in 1826.
The colonies later became self-governing.

Australia

The major purpose was a prison.Western Australia was first settled by the British in 1826. The colonies

Слайд 121840-60 - Opium Wars
Opium , China, since 7th

century, medicinal purpose
the practice of mixing it with tobacco for

smoking was introduced by Europeans in the 17th century
Br merchants brought opium from India to China, where they sold for a good profit.
the number of victims grew

China

Слайд 13the Emperor of China demanded that the British stop importing

opium
The military conflict broke out.
The Chinese lost both wars.

The victory opened the way for further opium trade, but also Britain got some territory in China including Hong Kong.

China

Слайд 14Hong Kong

Слайд 15Company Rule
The British East India Company controlled India (1757 –

1858),
until the Indian rebellion of 1857
In 1858, British Crown

rule was established in India.
It was called the period of the British Raj ("reign" in Hindi).
The British Raj lasted since 1858 till until 1947.

India

Слайд 16India

Слайд 171875 ̶ the Br Government bought from the indebted Egyptian

ruler 44% shareholding in the Suez Canal to secure control

of this strategic waterway, a channel for shipping between the UK and India.

The Suez Canal

Слайд 18The Suez Canal

Слайд 191882 the UK's military occupation of Egypt - control of

the Nile valley
the conquest of the neighbouring Sudan (1896–98)

Africa

1882 the UK's military occupation of Egypt - control of the Nile valleythe conquest of the neighbouring

Слайд 201899 – 1902 - the Boer War
Gold was discovered

in southern Transvaal
lured thousands of British miners and prospectors

to settle in the area
the city of Johannesburg was created almost overnight

Africa

1899 – 1902 - the Boer War Gold was discovered in southern Transvaal lured thousands of British

Слайд 21

Слайд 22Johannesburg

Слайд 23The Afrikaners (Dutch settlers) resented the newcomers
The resentment on both

sides grew
The wars started. The British Empire against the Dutch settlers

of two Boer republics - Afrikaners
Peace began in 1902.
Britain got self-government to the Transvaal and the Orange Free State as its colonies.

Africa

The Afrikaners (Dutch settlers) resented the newcomersThe resentment on both sides grewThe wars started. The British Empire against

Слайд 24Britain got the Transvaal and the Orange Free State

Africa

Слайд 25The Treaty of Versailles in 1919
German and Turkish colonies

were passes to Britain
Mandate was a legal status transferred from the

control of one country to another following World War I. Mandates were administered according to the internationally agreed-upon terms on behalf of the League of Nations.

World War One (1914 – 1918)

The Treaty of Versailles in 1919 German and Turkish colonies were passes to BritainMandate was a legal status

Слайд 26covered over almost a quarter of the Earth's total land

area,
20% of the world's population of the time
“The sun

never sets on the British Empire"

1900's to 1920's the British Empire was at its peak

covered over almost a quarter of the Earth's total land area, 20% of the world's population of

Слайд 27The League of Nations (abbreviated as LN in English), was an intergovernmental organization founded as a

result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War.
It

was the first international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace.
The United Nations was founded in 1945 after World War II (it replaced the LN), to stop wars between countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue.

The LN and the UN

The League of Nations (abbreviated as LN in English), was an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First

Слайд 28After World War I Britain was exhausted, and the empire

was overextended.
Britain searched for policies that would reduce the

cost of the empire and the risk of its falling apart.
1931 – the Statute of Westminster was passed by the Br Parliament

The transformation of the British Empire into the Commonwealth

After World War I Britain was exhausted, and the empire was overextended. Britain searched for policies that

Слайд 29was the official collapse of the BE
each Dominion was henceforth

to be equal in status to the UK
eliminated all

control by the British Parliament over dominion government, free of British legislative interference and autonomous in international relations

1931 – the Statute of Westminster

was the official collapse of the BEeach Dominion was henceforth to be equal in status to the

Слайд 30By 1931 The UK’s empire had already begun its transformation

into the modern Commonwealth with the extension of Dominion status

to the already self-governing colonies of
Canada (1867)
Australia (1901)
New Zealand (1907)
Newfoundland (1907)
Union of South Africa (1910)

The transformation of the British Empire into the Commonwealth

By 1931 The UK’s empire had already begun its transformation into the modern Commonwealth with the extension

Слайд 31After World War II ended, the British Empire was gradually dismantled to

the 14 British overseas territories still held by the United Kingdom.
1941

– the Atlantic Charter - Prime Minister Winston Churchill with US President Roosevelt issued it
This document affirmed the basic principles of international justice.
It declared the right of self-determination for all countries.
Mobilized the empire for the war but hastened its end.

Decolonization

After World War II ended, the British Empire was gradually dismantled to the 14 British overseas territories still held by the

Слайд 32the Indian Independence Act 1947
1948 Ceylon and Burma
In 1948 Palestine
African nations

in the late 1950s and early 1960s
Jamaica and Trinidad and

Tobago 1962
Throughout this process, British governments did not resist decolonization.
Where British prestige was hurt, as in the war with Argentina over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) in 1982, the response was militant.
Hong Kong was still under British control after 1950, and it was returned to the People’s Republic of China in 1997

Dismantling of the Empire

the Indian Independence Act 1947 1948 Ceylon and BurmaIn 1948 PalestineAfrican nations in the late 1950s and early 1960sJamaica

Слайд 331884 Lord Rosebery
described the changing British Empire as a

"Commonwealth of Nations”.
Conferences of British and colonial prime ministers

were held periodically from the first one in 1887, leading to the creation of the Imperial Conferences in 1911.
The Commonwealth developed from the Imperial Conferences.

The British Commonwealth

1884 Lord Rosebery described the changing British Empire as a

Слайд 34At the 1926 Imperial Conference, Britain and its dominions agreed they

were
"equal in status…united by common allegiance to the Crown,

and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations".
These aspects to the relationship were formalized by the Statute of Westminster in 1931.

The British Commonwealth

At the 1926 Imperial Conference, Britain and its dominions agreed they were

Слайд 35 a legal system based upon English law.
a

military, police and civil service based upon British models.

the imperial system of measurement
eduational Institutions modelled on Oxford and Cambridge.
driving on the left hand side of the road
popularity of football, rugby union and/or cricket, as well as related sports.

Legacy

a legal system based upon English law. a military, police and civil service based upon British

Слайд 36sovereignty over fourteen overseas territories, which remain under British rule

most former British colonies are members of the Commonwealth of

Nations
many former British colonies share or shared certain characteristics:
the English language
a parliamentary system of government modelled on the Westminster system.

Legacy