made immune or resistant to an infection, typically by administration
ofvaccines
Immunization is a proven tool for controlling and elimination life-threatening infectious disease .
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The Expanded Program On Immunization (EPI)
Содержание
- 1. The Expanded Program On Immunization (EPI)
- 2. ImmunizationImmunization is the a process where by
- 3. The Expanded Program Of Immunization (EPI)The Expanded
- 4. Objectives The expanded immunization program, the who's
- 5. The objectives of EPI:To increase coverage of
- 6. Eradication of polio to maintain polio free status.
- 7. Elimination of measles.
- 8. Reduce Incidence ofhepatitis Bamong under five. HBV
- 9. Elimination of Neonatal Tetanus .
- 10. Maintain zero level of diphtheria.
- 11. Prevention of severe forms of TB (
- 12. reduce the incidence of whooping cough.
- 13. Reduce the incidence of Bacteria Meningitis due to haemophelus influenza
- 14. 3. Promoting safe injection techniques4. Improve the
- 15. The immune systemImmunity: Ability of an
- 16. Types of Immunity:-Innate or natural Immunity: Immunity
- 17. Слайд 17
- 18. Types of Acquired ImmunityI. Naturally Acquired Immunity:
- 19. Types of Acquired ImmunityB. Naturally Acquired Passive
- 20. Types of Acquired Immunity (Continued)II. Artificially Acquired
- 21. Types of Acquired Immunity (Continued).2. Artificially Acquired
- 22. Слайд 22
- 23. Слайд 23
- 24. What is a Vaccine?A vaccine is a
- 25. Types of vaccinesLive, Attenuated Vaccines -Viral
- 26. Types of vaccines2. Inactivated VaccinesA. Whole cell vaccine-Viral -BacterialB. Fractional1-Protein basedToxoidSubunit 2-Polysaccharide basedPureconjugate
- 27. Types of vaccines2. Inactivated VaccinesWhole cell vaccine
- 28. Types of vaccines2. Inactivated VaccinesA. Whole cell
- 29. Слайд 29
- 30. Types of vaccinesLive, Attenuated VaccinesLive, attenuated vaccines
- 31. Types of vaccinesLive, Attenuated Vaccines live, attenuated
- 32. Types of vaccinesInactivated Vaccines Scientists produce inactivated
- 33. Types of vaccinesInactivated Vaccines Most inactivated vaccines,
- 34. Types of vaccinesProtein basedSubunit VaccinesInstead of the
- 35. Types of vaccinessubunit vaccines can be made
- 36. Types of vaccinesScientists inserted hepatitis B genes
- 37. Types of vaccines Protein based VaccinesToxoid Vaccines
- 38. Types of vaccinesPure polysaccharides. Vaccines Some bacterium
- 39. Types of vaccinesConjugate Vaccines Some bacterium possess
- 40. The vaccine that protects against Haemophilus influenzae
- 41. IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE IN SUDAN Under one year
- 42. 1.كرت التطعيم
- 43. IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE IN SUDAN Women in Child bearing age
- 44. Слайд 44
- 45. Слайд 45
- 46. Слайд 46
- 47. Pentavalent Vaccine
- 48. Слайд 48
- 49. BCG (At birth)Live attenuated variant. 0.05ml .ID injection in left forearm
- 50. Слайд 50
- 51. Слайд 51
- 52. Слайд 52
- 53. local reactions:
- 54. Thank You
- 55. Скачать презентанцию
ImmunizationImmunization is the a process where by a person is made immune or resistant to an infection, typically by administration of vaccinesImmunization is a proven tool for controlling and elimination life-threatening
Слайды и текст этой презентации
Слайд 2Immunization
Immunization is the a process where by a person is
vaccines
Immunization is a proven tool for controlling and elimination life-threatening infectious disease .
Слайд 3The Expanded Program Of Immunization
(EPI)
The Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI)
was established in 1974 through a World Health Assembly resolution
to build on the success of the global smallpox eradication programme, and to ensure that all children in all countries benefited from life-saving vaccines
Слайд 4Objectives The expanded immunization program, the who's initiative to improve immunization
coverage, focuses on the following four items:4
Standardizing immunization schedules
Promoting
safe injection technologies Improving the stocking and availability of vaccines
Protecting vaccines' potency through cold chain management
Слайд 5The objectives of EPI:
To increase coverage of immunization for eligible
children.
2. To reduce the incidence of immunizable diseases among
children below five years of age.
Слайд 11Prevention of severe forms of TB ( TB meningitis &military
TB).
12 year old girl with TB meningitis
Слайд 143. Promoting safe injection techniques
4. Improve the stocking and availability
of vaccines
5.Protecting vaccine potency through cold chain management
6.To prepare for
introduction of new vaccines
Слайд 15The immune system
Immunity: Ability of an organism to recognize
and defend itself against specific pathogens or antigens.
Immune Response: Involves
production of antibodies and generation of specialized lymphocytes against specific antigens.Antigen: Molecules from a pathogen or foreign organism that provoke a specific immune response.
Слайд 16
Types of Immunity:-
Innate or natural Immunity:
Immunity an organism is
born with.
Acquired Immunity:
Immunity that an organism develops during lifetime.
May
be acquired naturally or artificially.
Слайд 18Types of Acquired Immunity
I. Naturally Acquired Immunity: Obtained in the
course of daily life.
Two types:-
A. Naturally Acquired Active Immunity:
Antigens or pathogens enter body naturally. Body generates an immune response to antigens.
.
Слайд 19Types of Acquired Immunity
B. Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity:
Antibodies pass
from mother to fetus via placenta or breast feeding .
No
immune response to antigens.Immunity is usually short-lived (weeks to months).
Protection until child’s immune system develops.
Слайд 20
Types of Acquired Immunity (Continued)
II. Artificially Acquired Immunity: Obtained by
receiving a vaccine or antibodies.
1. Artificially Acquired Active Immunity:
Antigens
are introduced in vaccines (immunization). Body generates an immune response to antigens.
Слайд 21
Types of Acquired Immunity (Continued)
.
2. Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity:
Antibodies are introduced into body by injection.
Snake antivenom injection
from horses or rabbits.Immunity is short lived (half life three weeks).
Host immune system does not respond to antigens.
Слайд 24What is a Vaccine?
A vaccine is a non-pathogenic antigen that
mimics a particular pathogen in order to elicit an immune
response as if that actual pathogen were in the body.
Слайд 25Types of vaccines
Live, Attenuated Vaccines
-Viral such as measles,
mumps, rubella, oral polio and rota virus
-Bacterial such
as BCG2. Inactivated Vaccines
Слайд 26Types of vaccines
2. Inactivated Vaccines
A. Whole cell vaccine
-Viral
-Bacterial
B. Fractional
1-Protein
based
Toxoid
Subunit
2-Polysaccharide based
Pure
conjugate
Слайд 27Types of vaccines
2. Inactivated Vaccines
Whole cell vaccine
-Viral such as
Hepatitis A, polio and rabies
-Bacterial such as Pertussis
Слайд 28Types of vaccines
2. Inactivated Vaccines
A. Whole cell vaccine
-Viral
-Bacterial
B. Fractional
1-Protein
based
Toxoid such as diphtheria, tetanus
Subunit such as hepatitis
B 2-Polysaccharide based
Pure such as pneumococcal and meningococcal vaccines
conjugate such as Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine.
Слайд 30Types of vaccines
Live, Attenuated Vaccines
Live, attenuated vaccines contain a version
of the living microbe that has been weakened in the
lab so it can’t cause disease.They elicit strong immune system response and often confer lifelong immunity with only one or two doses.
Слайд 31Types of vaccines
Live, Attenuated Vaccines
live, attenuated vaccines usually need
to be refrigerated to stay potent.
Live, attenuated vaccines are relatively
easy to create for certain viruses. Viruses are simple microbes containing a small number of genes, Live, attenuated vaccines are more difficult to create for bacteria. Bacteria have thousands of genes and thus are much harder to
people who have damaged or weakened immune systems, such as people who undergone chemotherapy or have HIV, can not be given live vaccines..
Слайд 32Types of vaccines
Inactivated Vaccines
Scientists produce inactivated vaccines by killing
the disease-causing microbe with chemicals, heat, or radiation.
Inactivated vaccines
usually don’t require refrigeration, and they can be easily stored and transported in a freeze-dried form, which makes them accessible to people in developing countries. 
Слайд 33Types of vaccines
Inactivated Vaccines
Most inactivated vaccines, however, stimulate a
weaker immune system response than do live vaccines.
So it
would likely take several additional doses, or booster shots, to maintain a person’s immunity. 
Слайд 34Types of vaccines
Protein based
Subunit Vaccines
Instead of the entire microbe, subunit
vaccines include only the antigens that best stimulate the immune
system.This make the chances of adverse reactions to the vaccine are lower. .
Слайд 35Types of vaccines
subunit vaccines can be made in one of
two ways:
They can grow the microbe in the laboratory and
then use chemicals to break it apart and gather the important antigens. 2.They can manufacture the antigen molecules from the microbe using recombinant DNA technology.
Vaccines produced this way are called “recombinant subunit vaccines.” such as hepatitis B virus vaccine..
Слайд 36Types of vaccines
Scientists inserted hepatitis B genes that code for
important antigens into common baker’s yeast. The yeast then produced
the antigens, which the scientists collected use in the vaccine
Слайд 37Types of vaccines
Protein based Vaccines
Toxoid Vaccines
These vaccines are
used when a bacterial toxin is the main cause of
illness.Toxins are inactivate by treating them with formalin.
Vaccines against diphtheria and tetanus are examples of toxoid vaccines.
Слайд 38Types of vaccines
Pure polysaccharides. Vaccines
Some bacterium possess an outer
coating of sugar molecules called polysaccharides.
vaccine is made up of
long chain of sugar molecules infant’s immune system can not recognize to the polysaccharides.
Слайд 39Types of vaccines
Conjugate Vaccines
Some bacterium possess an outer coating
of sugar molecules called polysaccharides.
When making a conjugate vaccine, scientists
link antigens or toxoids from a microbe that an infant’s immune system can recognize to the polysaccharides. 
Слайд 40The vaccine that protects against Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)
is a conjugate vaccine.
It is made by joining a
piece of the polysaccharide capsule that surrounds the Hib bacterium to a protein carrier. This joining process is called conjugation.
