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Empiricism
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Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches
Содержание
- 1. Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches
- 2. What is Psychology?
- 3. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific PsychologyAncient GreeksSocratesPlatoAristotle
- 4. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific PsychologyRene DescartesFrancis BaconJohn LockeTabula
- 5. Psychology’s Roots Psychological Science is BornWilhelm Wundt (1879)University of LeipzigReaction time experimentCredited with starting modern psychologicalexperimentation
- 6. Psychology’s Roots Thinking About the Mind’s StructureEdward TitchenerStructuralismintrospection
- 7. Psychology’s Roots Thinking About the Mind’s FunctionWilliam JamesFunctionalismMary CalkinsMargaret Floy WashburnExperimental psychology
- 8. Psychological Science Develops Sigmund Freud
- 9. Psychological Science Develops BehaviorismJohn B. Watson B.F.
- 10. Psychological Science Develops Humanistic psychologyCarl RogersAbraham MaslowCognitive Neuroscience
- 11. Psychological Science Develops PsychologyScienceBehaviorMental processes
- 12. Psychology’s Biggest Question Nature – Nurture IssueBiology versus experienceHistoryGreeksRene DescartesCharles DarwinNatural selection
- 13. Psychology’s Three Main Levels of AnalysisLevels of AnalysisBiologicalPsychologicalSocial-culturalBiopsychosocial Approach
- 14. Psychology’s Three Main Levels of Analysis
- 15. Psychological Approaches/PerspectivesBiological psychologyEvolutionary psychologyPsychodynamic psychologyBehavioral psychologyCognitive psychologyHumanistic psychologySocial-cultural psychology
- 16. Psychological Approaches/Perspectives
- 17. Psychological Approaches/Perspectives
- 18. Psychology’s Subfields PsychometricsBasic ResearchDevelopmental psychologyEducational psychologyPersonality psychologySocial psychology
- 19. Psychology’s Subfields Applied ResearchIndustrial/organizational psychologyHuman factors psychologyCounseling psychologyClinical psychologyPsychiatry
- 20. Empiricism= the view that knowledge originates in
- 21. Structuralism= an early school of psychology that
- 22. Functionalism= a school of psychology that focused
- 23. Experimental Psychology= the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method.
- 24. Behaviorism= the view that psychology (1) should
- 25. Humanistic Psychology= historically significant perspective that emphasized
- 26. Cognitive Neuroscience= the interdisciplinary study of the
- 27. Psychology= the science of behavior and mental processes.
- 28. Nature-Nurture Issue= the longstanding controversy over the
- 29. Natural Selection= the principle that, among the
- 30. Biological Psychology= a branch of psychology that
- 31. Evolutionary Psychology= the study of the roots
- 32. Psychodynamic Psychology= a branch of psychology that
- 33. Behavioral Psychology= the scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning.
- 34. Cognitive Psychology= the scientific study of all
- 35. Social-Cultural Psychology= the study of how situations
- 36. Скачать презентанцию
What is Psychology?
Слайды и текст этой презентации
Слайд 4Psychology’s Roots
Prescientific Psychology
Rene Descartes
Francis Bacon
John Locke
Tabula Rasa
Empiricism
Слайд 5Psychology’s Roots
Psychological Science is Born
Wilhelm Wundt (1879)
University of Leipzig
Reaction time
experiment
Credited with starting
modern psychological
experimentation
Слайд 6Psychology’s Roots
Thinking About the Mind’s Structure
Edward Titchener
Structuralism
introspection
Слайд 7Psychology’s Roots
Thinking About the Mind’s Function
William James
Functionalism
Mary Calkins
Margaret Floy Washburn
Experimental
psychology
Слайд 9Psychological Science Develops
Behaviorism
John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
“study of observable
behavior”
Слайд 10Psychological Science Develops
Humanistic psychology
Carl Rogers
Abraham Maslow
Cognitive Neuroscience
Слайд 12Psychology’s Biggest Question
Nature – Nurture Issue
Biology versus experience
History
Greeks
Rene Descartes
Charles Darwin
Natural
selection
Слайд 13Psychology’s Three Main Levels of Analysis
Levels of Analysis
Biological
Psychological
Social-cultural
Biopsychosocial Approach
Слайд 15Psychological Approaches/Perspectives
Biological psychology
Evolutionary psychology
Psychodynamic psychology
Behavioral psychology
Cognitive psychology
Humanistic psychology
Social-cultural psychology
Слайд 18Psychology’s Subfields
Psychometrics
Basic Research
Developmental psychology
Educational psychology
Personality psychology
Social psychology
Слайд 19Psychology’s Subfields
Applied Research
Industrial/organizational psychology
Human factors psychology
Counseling psychology
Clinical psychology
Psychiatry
Слайд 20Empiricism
= the view that knowledge originates in experience and that
science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation.
Слайд 21Structuralism
= an early school of psychology that used introspection to
explore the structural elements of the human mind.
Слайд 22Functionalism
= a school of psychology that focused on how our
mental and behavioral processes function – how they enable us
to adapt, survive, and flourish.
Слайд 24Behaviorism
= the view that psychology (1) should be an objective
science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes.
Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2).
Слайд 25Humanistic Psychology
= historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential
of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth.
Слайд 26Cognitive Neuroscience
= the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked
with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).
Слайд 28Nature-Nurture Issue
= the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that
genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits
and behaviors.Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture.
Слайд 29Natural Selection
= the principle that, among the range of inherited
trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most
likely be passed on to succeeding generations.
Слайд 30Biological Psychology
= a branch of psychology that studies the links
between biological (including neuroscience and behavior genetics) and psychological processes.
Слайд 31Evolutionary Psychology
= the study of the roots of behavior and
mental processes using the principles of natural selection.
Слайд 32Psychodynamic Psychology
= a branch of psychology that studies how unconscious
drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to
treat people with psychological disorders.
Слайд 33Behavioral Psychology
= the scientific study of observable behavior, and its
explanation by principles of learning.
Слайд 34Cognitive Psychology
= the scientific study of all the mental activities
associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
Слайд 35Social-Cultural Psychology
= the study of how situations and cultures affect
our behavior and thinking.
= the scientific study of how we
think about, influence, and relate to one another.
