Created by Tsuraeva Alina, Tsuraeva Amina Teacher: Bylinkina N.I. THE WORLD WAR

I:
MONUMENTS AND MEMORIALS IN THE COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONS

inflicted such large numbers of casualties on all sides that

when it was over it was believed by many to be “The War to end All Wars”. By the end of four years of fighting from August 1914 to November 1918 many thousands of families around the world were affected by the tragedy of the wounding or loss of one of their own. Communities were depleted of many of their young men.
Preserving the memory of the people involved in the fighting, those people who were forever to be scarred by their involvement in the First World War, and the places ravaged by the war, was at the heart of a desire in the 1920s to find a way to mark their participation in such a large-scale, world-changing event.
Memorials to the First World War are many and varied. Official and private memorials are to be found on the battlefields of the various theatres of that war and in the home nation of those who served from the many countries which were involved in it

is the Cenotaph, located in Whitehall, London. Each year on

November 11th, there is a spectacular parade past the monument of groups such as the Royal British Legion, various military battalions, politicians, diplomatic Commonwealth representatives, and veterans from a number of Britain’s more recent wars.
The nation observes a two-minute silence at 11am, with cannons near the Cenotaph signaling the beginning and end of the silence. Wreaths of poppies are laid at the foot of the monument to signify the fields of the Somme where most British lives were lost. The vastness of the parade and the national respect for this event is highly moving.

The Cenotaph, London, UK

the Menin Gate is a memorial to missing soldiers from

Britain and the Commonwealth. The town of Ypres as a strategic stronghold during the war, and the gate forms the point at which forces left the town to advance towards the front line. The memorial itself consists of a large vaulted archway, with thousands of names of soldiers whose bodies were never found inscribed onto the walls. However, even up until today, many remains of soldiers are being discovered in the surrounding area, and once identified, they are properly buried in a war cemetery, and their names are removed from the Menin Gate.

recent Commonwealth memorials is the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior

in Wellington, New Zealand. In 2004, remains of a New Zealand soldier were exhumed from the Caterpillar Valley Cemetery in France, where many New Zealand soldiers fought, and were repatriated to the nation’s capital. Most of New Zealand’s soldiers that died during the war have not been officially found or identified, so this unknown warrior is a moving symbol of all those that were lost and who never made it back.

nation, there is no doubt that Poland was one of

the countries involved in WW1 that suffered most and had most to gain from the war’s end. Remembrance Day also acts as Poland’s Independence Day since the end of the war signaled the beginning of Poland as a nation independent from various empires. The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Warsaw annually sees spectacular military processions on November 11th. Throughout the year, the tomb is guarded, and a changing of the guard takes place every hour; the permanent guard and reverence for what the monument represents shows how significant the end of the war was for Poland.

in the country’s capital city, near the city’s key government

and legislative buildings, which effectively reflects the importance of the memorial. The memorial is extensive and spreads over a large area, which includes not only the traditional shrine and lists of names but also a museum and gallery. The museum gives visitors a context for the memorial so that they can understand its significance. It is the high point of Anzac Parade, a street along which many other war memorials are located. Remembrance Day services are held at the memorial, in the main forecourt.

outside the small Belgian town of Passchendaele, is the single

largest Commonwealth military cemetery in the world. While the majority of graves are British, there is a significant number of graves representing soldiers from other Commonwealth nations, such as New Zealand, Australia, and Canada. The cemetery features iconic white gravestones, neatly arranged upon an immaculate lawn, which is located atop a small hill and looks out over the battlefields where many of these soldiers died. The cemetery was started during the war but was lost to the Germans before being recaptured by Belgian Forces. Tyne Cot is immensely moving and truly gives a sense of the scale of lives lost.

this haunting WW1 memorial. The memorial itself is a building

similar in style to that of a church, with gothic architecture in keeping with the rest of the castle. It commemorates Scottish soldiers from WW1 as well as WW2 and more recent conflicts. The most poignant part of the memorial is the central altar, on which there is a casket containing the Rolls of Honour of roughly 147,000 names of Scottish soldiers killed. It is now possible to look up the names of the soldiers online, allowing descendants to find out more about their relatives who lost their lives.

imposing granite archway 20 metres in height, with bronze statues

of soldiers that were lost. It is at the centre of Confederation Square in Ottawa and is guarded by ceremonial sentries. Although it dates from 1939, in 2000 a tomb was added to the front containing the remains of an unknown soldier that had been repatriated from France. It is the focal point of the Remembrance Day ceremony and has come to represent lost soldiers from all of Canada’s wars, past, present, and future. A member of the Royal family is often present at the Remembrance Day service, or if they are visiting at another time, they will also visit the memorial to lay a wreath.

battles from WW1 was the Battle of Gallipoli, which involved

the combined forces of many Commonwealth nations, including Australia and New Zealand, against the Ottoman Empire. The operation was so significant for Australia and New Zealand that the commemoration of it (Anzac Day) is observed more commonly than Remembrance Day. One of the most poignant reminders is Lone Pine Cemetery, which commemorates mainly those whose bodies were never found. It is so named due to a single pine tree found at that spot, from which some soldiers took pine cones that have since produced memorial trees in Australia. Today, there is a lone pine there although it is not the original.

is often overlooked, which is why the WW1 memorial in

Barbados is so poignant. Along with other Caribbean nations, Barbados was called upon to provide troops to the war effort and suffered casualties just like the others. In National Heroes Square, a military parade is held on Remembrance Sunday, with the WW1 cenotaph as the focal point. Dignitaries, government representatives as well as military chiefs attend the ceremony. Although a small nation, the war efforts of Barbados are nonetheless rightly celebrated.

to 2003 Paperback – 7 Nov 2013 by Clive Aslet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_memorials
http://www.greatwar.co.uk
https://historicengland.org.uk