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Immunity
Содержание
- 1. Immunity
- 2. Antigen – foreign substanceAntibody is produced against antigen, and helps to destroy antigen
- 3. Acquisition (приобретение) of ImmunityActive immunity: the individual
- 4. Слайд 4
- 5. Слайд 5
- 6. VaccinesVaccines function as a precaution (предосторожность) before
- 7. Types of ImmunityImmunity is maintained by two
- 8. Non-specific Immunity (1st line of defence)Barriers nonspecifically
- 9. Non-specific Immunity (2nd line of defence)Leucocytes (white blood
- 10. Слайд 10
- 11. Non-specific Immunity (2nd line of defence)Interferon (inactivates viruses and degrades cancer cells)
- 12. Specific immunity (3rd line of defence)It is
- 13. Слайд 13
- 14. AllergyAll allergies can be described as a
- 15. Allergy1) Antigens (allergen) react with antibodies2) Production
- 16. AIDSAIDS is caused by a virus called
- 17. Скачать презентанцию
Antigen – foreign substanceAntibody is produced against antigen, and helps to destroy antigen
Слайды и текст этой презентации
Слайд 2Antigen – foreign substance
Antibody is produced against antigen, and helps
to destroy antigen
Слайд 3Acquisition (приобретение) of Immunity
Active immunity: the individual alone (itself) produces
antibodies against an antigen, or it is activated by vaccines
Passive
immunity: the individual is given prepared antibodies (plasma of other people or from milk of mother)
Слайд 6Vaccines
Vaccines function as a precaution (предосторожность) before exposure (воздействие) to
the illness
They are composed of a physiological fluid and a
weakened or dead microbeProperties:
- they should have little or no side effects
- any vaccination should not be given during illness or after surgery
- they have allergic functions
Слайд 7Types of Immunity
Immunity is maintained by two pathways:
non-specific immunity (1st
and 2nd lines of defence)
specific immunity (3rd line of defence)
Слайд 8Non-specific Immunity (1st line of defence)
Barriers nonspecifically prevent microbes from
entering the body (without recognizing pathogen)
- It is maintained by
Skin
Tears and sweat
Gastric juices
Hair and mucus in the respiratory tract
Слайд 9Non-specific Immunity (2nd line of defence)
Leucocytes (white blood cells) are found
circulating throughout the body
If a pathogen penetrates the first line
of defence, they inhibit or destroy the pathogen before it harms the bodyPhagocytes are type of leucocytes which makes phagocytosis
Слайд 11Non-specific Immunity (2nd line of defence)
Interferon (inactivates viruses and degrades
cancer cells)
Слайд 12Specific immunity
(3rd line of defence)
It is based on production of
a different type of antibody against each different type of
microorganism antigen (or disease)
Слайд 14Allergy
All allergies can be described as a type of response
by the immune system to infection from disease
A few bacteria,
such as tuberculosis bacillus, produce an allergic responseAll factors causing allergy are called allergens
Слайд 15Allergy
1) Antigens (allergen) react with antibodies
2) Production of histamine and
histamine-like substances
3) Enlargement of capillaries
4) Blood plasma flows from
blood to interstitial fluid5) Allergic symptoms (edema (отек) and high fever (лихорадка) appear)
Слайд 16AIDS
AIDS is caused by a virus called HIV (Human Immunodeficiency
Virus)
This can damage the body's immune system so that it
cannot fight certain infections
