Karaganda State Medical University Chair of the foreign languages

of dental clinic.

Prepared: Kusainova Zarina
stom 2-005
Checked: Dashkina T.G

of root canals inside the tooth. Inside these canals, there

is dental pulp, which is removed if there is inflammation in the tooth, thus creating a space inside the tooth. This space has to be treated, extended, cleaned and then filled so that the tooth can regain its functions. Machine root canal treatment guarantees better cleaning, extension and simplification of the complex root system and creates ideal conditions for filling the root canals.

fumbriated fold of the tongue). The device works with a

high frequency electric current and can be used for coagulation (cessation of bleeding) or for incision. An advantage of the incision by an electric current is a significantly lower post-operative painfulness and quicker healing than if the usual surgical tools (scalpels) are used. During the incision and most importantly immediately after the incision, the tissue does not bleed, which makes it possible to perform surgical interventions during one visit that would require breaking up into two visits with several days for healing of the treated soft tissue if the traditional tools were used.

or dental auxiliary to view a mirror image of the

teeth in locations of the mouth where visibility is difficult or impossible. They also are useful for reflecting light onto desired surfaces, indirect vision, and with retraction of soft tissues to improve access or vision.

Dental Burs cutting surface are either made of a multifluted tungsten carbide, a diamond coated tip or a stainless steel multi fluted rosehead. There are many different types and classifications of burs some of the most common are: the round bur (sizes ¼ to 10) or inverted cone (sizes 33½ to 90L). Burs are also classified by the type of shank. For instance a latch type, or right angle bur is only used in the slow speed handpiece with contra-angle attachment. Long shank or shaft is only used in the slow speed when the contra-angle is not in use, and finally a friction grip bur which is a small bur used only in the high-speed handpiece. There are many bur shapes that are utilized in various specific procedures.

Participle

object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the

passive sentence
the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)
Example: I was surprised to hear that Harry was advised to do an incision with surgical tools , not with an electrocauter ART.

Form of Passive voice

active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. So

every verb that needs an object (transitive verb) can form a personal passive.
Example: Doctor Bov used apex locator to determine the position of apical foramen
The position of apical foramen was used by Doctor Bob, who used apex locator

Verbs without an object (intransitive verb) normally can’t form a personal passive sentence (as there is no object that can become the subject of the passive sentence). If you want to use an intransitive verb in passive voice, you need an impersonal construction.
Example: She says she uses dental mirrors every day
It is said that dental mirrors are used by her every day.