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Слайд 3100
Rewrite the following in the PASSIVE VOICE.
A lot of
tea is drunk in England.
People drink a lot of tea
in England.
GENERAL RULES
●The direct object of the active becomes the subject of the passive. ●We add the verb “to be” right before the main verb (it takes the form of the main verb in the active voice) ●The main verb changes into the past participle.
Слайд 4 50
I’m sorry I can’t help you.
I wish …
I wish
I could help you.
Rewrite the following. Make any necessary changes.
wish
/ if only + PAST SIMPLE
Used to express a present wish for things to be different.
Слайд 5200
Although he has a bad temper/ he is bad-tempered, …
Rephrase
the sentence with “ALTHOUGH”.
In spite of his bad temper, he
has many friends.
IN SPITE OF/DESPITE + ing or noun
ALTHOUGH + subject + verb
Слайд 6150
If she had any/more friends, she wouldn’t feel (so) lonely.
Rewrite the sentence with “if” without changing its meaning.
She has
no friends. She feels lonely.
CONDITIONALS TYPE 2 (used for unreal, impossible, imaginary, hypothetical… situations in the present)
●if clause + past simple ●main clause + would/could + infinitive
Слайд 7250
1) Sam, who is my best friend, is sitting over
there.
Which sentence is correct?
Sam, who is my best friend,
is sitting over there.
Sam, that is my best friend, is sitting over there.
Sam who is my best friend is sitting over there.
NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
These are placed between commas because they give additional information about a person/thing
(we cannot use “that” in these clauses)
Слайд 8150
He is being offered a new position.
Rewrite the following as
started.
They are offering him a new position.
He …
IDIOMATIC PASSIVE
VOICE
● In this case the indirect object of the active becomes the subject of the passive. However, you can start with the direct object – A new position is being offered to him.
Слайд 9200
1) 2) and 4)
Which options are possible?
“He suggested …
Reporting statements
with “suggest”
+ ing
+ that + S + past simple
+
that + S + should + infinitive
staying at home.”
that we stayed at home.”
to stay at home.”
that we should stay at home.”
stay at home.”
Слайд 10 50
PRESENT SIMPLE
vs PRESENT CONTINUOUS
am working / don’t interrupt
I
… (work), so please … (not interrupt) me.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS am/is/are
+ ing for temporary situations, actions happening now, future plans… PRESENT SIMPLE for general truths /statements, permanent situations, routines, timetables…
Слайд 11250
Rephrase the following.
…if she knew where he had gone.
Do you
know where he went?
I asked Jane …
REPORTING QUESTIONS
●word order:
reporting verb + if/question-word + subject + verb (since it’s no longer a question we don’t use do)
● When reporting someone’s words we usually move one tense further into the past.
Слайд 12150
… to call me a taxi.
Report the following.
Shall I call
you a taxi?
She offered …
Promises, orders, offers, requests ...
are often reported using to infinitive (with verbs like agree, ask, beg, decide, demand, invite, offer, order, promise, refuse, remind, tell, threaten, warn...)
Слайд 13100
has been living
Complete the sentence with the PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS.
Cindy
… (live) here since last November.
FORM: has/have + been +
ing
For actions that started in the past and have continued up till now (stresses “how long”) or have just finished (stresses the result - He has been running (he is all sweaty)
Слайд 14250
better / more confident
Change the words in brackets to complete
each gap meaningfully.
The … (good) he does, the … (confident)
he feels.
the + comparative (S + verb), the + comparative (S + verb)
●used to show that two things change together or that one thing depends on the other.
Слайд 15150
Can/may I take the day off?
Rephrase the following using a
suitable MODAL verb.
Am I allowed to take the day off?
CAN/MAY
Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs with a great variety of communicative functions - in this case we are asking for permission.
● they are followed by the bare infinitive (except “ought to”)
Слайд 16 50
was having / rang
I … (have) dinner when the
phone … (ring).
PAST CONTINUOUS: was/were + ing
(for temporary actions in
progress in the past)
PAST SIMPLE: arrived (regular) / left (irregular)
(for finished past actions)
PAST SIMPLE vs
PAST CONTINUOUS
Слайд 17150
Rephrase the following with “so that”.
I’m moving to the city
so that I can have a better life.
I’m moving to
the city to have a better life.
PURPOSE CLAUSES
so that + subject + modal verb + infinitive
(we use “so that” instead of “to, so as to, in order to” when we repeat the subject or have two different subjects)
Слайд 18200
He is said to speak 8 languages.
ALTERNATIVE PASSIVE VOICE –
Rewrite the sentence as started.
People say that he speaks 8
languages.
●It is said that he speaks 8 languages.
or
●He …
When talking about what people say, believe, think … we can use 2 structures:
● It + passive + that-clause
● Subject + passive + to infinitive
Слайд 19250
… did I know where I was.
Rephrase the following.
I hardly
knew where I was.
Hardly …
INVERSION OF THE SUBJECT (used after
restrictive/negative adverbs to put enphasis on what we are saying) ● If these are put at the beginning of a sentence, the subject must follow the verb as in a question – remember to use do for the present and past simple
Слайд 20250
He is thought to have stolen the diamond.
ALTERNATIVE PASSIVE VOICE
– Rewrite the sentence as started.
People think that he stole
the diamond.
●It is thought that he stole the diamond.
or
●He …
IMPERSONAL REPORT STRUCTURES
When reporting a past action we use:
● Subject + passive + perfect infinitive (to have + past participle)
Слайд 21100
Will Kate be back soon?
QUESTIONS
Ask me …
Whether Kate will
be back soon.
(wh-) + verb + S + (verb(s))
…
With auxiliary verbs and modal verbs we simply invert the word order: Have you seen Mike? Can I come in?
When there is no auxiliary verb, we need to use “do”: do(es)/did + S + infinitive: Why did he arrive late?
Слайд 22 50
have met / didn’t see
I … (meet) Jane twice
this week but I … (not see) her last week.
PRESENT
PERFECT: has/have + past participle
(for indefinite/unfished past actions) focuses on the action/result
PAST SIMPLE: arrived/left didn’t arrive/leave
(for definite or finished past actions) focuses on “when”
PRESENT PERFECT
vs PAST SIMPLE
Слайд 23200
If he hadn’t been late, he would have got the
job.
Rewrite the sentence with “if” without changing its meaning.
He didn’t
get the job because he was late.
CONDITIONALS TYPE 3 (past situations)
- For things we usually regret but can’t change anymore
●if clause + past perfect (had + past participle)
●main clause + perfect conditional (would/could have + past participle)
Слайд 24100
SUBJECT QUESTIONS - Ask the question for the underlined part
of the sentence.
Who loves Juliet?
Romeo loves Juliet.
When asking about the
subject of a sentence, we do not invert the word order or need to use “do”. “The car is in the garage” – What is in the garage?
Слайд 25200
I … (finish) this by the time you get back.
will
have finished
Complete the sentence with the FUTURE PERFECT.
FORM: will have
+ past participle
For actions that will happen / be completed by a certain time in the future:
It is often used with a time expression using by + a point in future time (then, the time...)
Слайд 26250
Rephrase the following.
… being disturbed at work.
I don’t like to
be disturb at work.
I can’t stand …
can’t stand +
gerund
Other expressions take the gerund as well: can’t bear, can’t help, it’s no good/use, it’s (not) worth…
Слайд 27150
Rephrase the sentence with “so”. Make the necessary changes.
The/this task
was so difficult …
It was such a difficult task that
I didn’t finish it.
SUCH + (a/an) + adjective + noun + that SO + adjective/adverb + that
these make the meaning of an adjective or adverb stronger.
