Management by safety of life activity Organizational bases of management of

safety of vital activity.
Legislative bases of management by quality

of environment.
Managing by quality of environment

Rationing of quality of environment.

methods and procedures identifying of workplace hazards and reducing accidents,

as well as exposure to harmful situations and substances. It includes training of personnel in accident prevention, responsibility in accidents, preparedness at emergencies and use of protective clothing and equipment (PPE).
In the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of emergency acts the following laws:
- "On emergency situations of natural and man-made" of 5 July 1996;
- "On the emergency services and the status of the rescuers" of 27 March 1997;
- "Civil Defense" (CD) on May 7, 1997;
- "Fire Safety" from November 22, 1996;
- "On Radiation Safety" on 23 April 1998;
- "On industrial safety of hazardous production facilities" of 3 April 2002;
The basic regulations:
- Instructions on the formation of defense and exemplary standards of equipment their material means of June 23, 2000;
- Instruction on the organization and management of CD Republic of Kazakhstan dated 13 July 2000;

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for damage caused by the unlawful deprivation of the employee

the opportunity to work on the job;
2) for damage to property of the employee;
3) for damage to life and (or) health worker.
The employee shall be liable to the employer:
1) for damage caused by the loss or damage to the property of the employer;
2) for damages caused as a result of the action (or inaction) of the employee.

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The management by safety of life activity is constructed

on legislative and legal-regulatory acts.
The scheme organization of management of safety of life activity is represented on picture 1.

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level the management is carried out by government of RK

and by specially authorized on that by the bodies of the authority:
The ministry of protection of environment;
The ministry of health;
The ministry of emergencies situations.
The measures to ensure the sanitary clean and protection of environment is providing the ministry of protection of environment.

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enterprises has to begin with preparation of the person for

labor activity by learning of the workers to safety of work. Herewith the main task should be directed for providing of healthy labor conditions and safety on enterprises. On this occasion for administration of enterprises are entrusted the duties of conducting instructions of safely work on working places. Carrying out of the instructions is subdivided onto the introductory, primary on the work place, repeated, not envisaged in the plan and current instructions.
The introductory instruction is carried out by engineer of security of labor or other person on which is entrusted its duties. The primary instruction is carried out with all workers, trainees and employees arriving for work. The program of instruction is worked out according to type of enterprise and it should be approved by head of enterprise and agreed with a trade union.
The primary instruction on work place carries out the individually direct supervisor of work. After instruction and checking of knowledge about performing the work by the workers in current of 2 – 5 shifts of working days are working under the observation of master or foreman.

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The repeated instruction are conducting with all workers who has

passed a primary instruction with goal of check and for developing a level of knowledge on the safety of labor. It is conducted systematically, not rarely than 6 months.
The need for unscheduled instruction arises at changing the rules on safety of labor, at changing of equipment, after receiving of injuries, accidents, fire or explosion and after long break.
The current instruction has to be carried out with workers before performance of work for which has to be made out the work permit.

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of rationing of quality of protection of environment it is

necessary to distinguish a two direction of work: 1) rationing of quality of environment and 2) rationing of harmful exposures onto the environment.
Without purposeful work on rationing harmful exposure onto environment is losing the meaning of conducting works on the “Safety of life activity.
The rationing of quality of environment is entrusted by government of Kazakhstan onto the ministry of health and the observation of relating to norm of standardization of quality of environment onto the ministry of environment.
The rationing of quality of environment usually are conducting with respect of atmospheric air, of sources of water of hydrosphere, components of lithosphere, more precisely - of soil.
Below, on the picture 2 is shown the scheme of character exposures and rationing with goal protection.

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environment
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accounting of the permissible burden for ecological system. The such

loads is considered as permissible with respect to the environmental system when they does not inflict of the damage for his normal condition and does not worsen the quality of environment.
The sanitary hygienic rationing establishes the criteria of evaluation of exposure of the factors of environment onto health of population; defines the optimal or permissible values of chemical physical and biological exposures of the habitat onto human’s health.
In base of the sanitary hygienic rationing lies the concept of maximum permissible concentration.
The maximum permissible concentration (MPC) — It is the amount of harmful substances in environment, which in constant contact or at exposure onto human in all of his life, does not inflict harms for his health and of his posterity.

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quality of air is defining the permissible impurities in compound

of air and is repesented by maximum permissible concentrations. It means that at exposures in all life of human they does not deteriorate the health. The maximum permis -sible concentrations are subdivided to the next species:
The maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances in residential area (MPCadc). This concentration of harmful substances are establishing by way of analysis of emissions during of day continuously or not less than 4 times. At this period of time the substances must not inflict of harmful influences to the organism of human.
The maximum of one-off permissible concentrations of harmful subs -tances which are establishing by analysis of harmfulness of the impurities during the 20 – 30 minutes.
The maximum permissible concentration in work area (MPCwz). In comparison with the values of the MPCadc the values of MPCwz exceeds in 10 time and more.

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compounds can be subdivided onto a 4 class of danger

and they allows previously estimate a degree of their danger for living organisms.

* The maximum permissible concentrations in work place (MPCwz);
**When introduced into the stomach.

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which we haven’t necessary information, is established the temporary permissible

concentration. This information, received by way of calculation of the specifications, is used a 2 – 3 years and they need to be revised.
The substances, ejected by sources of pollution, has some degree of toxicities and they measured by dose. In practice are using the lethal dose and which are expresses as LD50 or LD100. These indicators means that substances has the mortality on a 50 and 100 percent.

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