SEPTEMBER,3 DAY OF REMEMBRANCE AND TRIBUTE TO THE VICTIMS OF TERRORISM IN RUSSIA

IN RUSSIA

the most common threats to national security in the 21st

century.
The problem is the absence of a clear, agreed definition of “terrorism” in International law. (National definitions are often over-restrictive.)
Terrorism is defined as an act that is violent or dangerous to human life, with the intent of furthering political or social objectives.
The threat of terrorism affects all communities around the world.
Terrorists, both Domestic and International, have demonstrated they have the knowledge and capability to strike anywhere in the world.

Domestic Terrorism involves groups or individuals whose terrorist activities are directed at elements of the government or population without foreign direction.

International Terrorism involves groups or individuals whose terrorist activities are foreign-based and/or directed by countries or groups outside the country or whose activities transcend national boundaries.

of the Russian Federation, terrorism is defined as the ideology

of violence and the practice of influencing public consciousness, decision-making by state authorities, local authorities or international organizations related to intimidation of the population and / or other forms of unlawful violent actions.
The Criminal Code of the Russian Federation considers terrorism as a grave crime. Article 205 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation provides for punishment up to life imprisonment for committing a terrorist act, as well as the threat of such actions. Under a terrorist act, the Criminal Code means an explosion, arson, or other actions that threaten the population and endanger human life, causing significant property damage or other serious consequences, provided that they are committed in order to influence decision-making by authorities or international organizations.

In US law, terrorism is intentional, politically motivated violence committed against civilians or objects by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually with the aim of influencing public sentiment.


Experts disagree about the time of the advent of terrorism and whether it is possible to evaluate the events of the distant past from a modern point of view.
Some equate any political assassination with terrorism, and thus the roots of terrorism are pushed back in ancient times, if not in an even earlier period.
Others consider terrorism a phenomenon of the late twentieth century.

IS DIVIDED INTO:
- INDIVIDUAL ( unorganized, terrorism of individuals)
In

this case, a terrorist attack (less commonly, a series of terrorist attacks) is committed by one or two people who are not supported by any organization.
- ORGANIZED (collective)
Terrorist activities are planned and implemented by a certain organization. Organized terrorism is the most common in the modern world.

THE USE OF EXPLOSIVE DEVICES FOR TERRORIST PURPOSES
Terrorists prefer the use of explosive devices, because:

significant damage is caused;

the manufacture of an explosive device does not require significant financial and material costs;

the possibility of using explosive devices with remote control and clockwork increases the safety of terrorists;

- explosions are invariably widely covered by the media, which is of no small importance for terrorists.

the opposition political parties;
- The imposition by the ruling elite

of non-traditional socio-political innovations for the society ;
- Collision of political interests of the two states in some region;
- Errors in national policy made by the government;

Aggravation of internal political conflicts within the state itself;

Deliberate incitement;

- Targeted incitement of ethnic hatred by individuals, groups, parties;

Aggression against another state and its occupation in most cases entails armed resistance of the civilian population (partisans) using terrorist methods (explosions of important objects, arson, etc.);

The promotion of terrorism at the level of state policy;

- Dissatisfaction with the activities of the government of foreign states, in connection with which terrorist acts are committed against its representatives and institutions.

an unprecedented increase in social differentiation;
- An increase in unemployment,

which causes problems of migration, vagrancy, psychological and professional degradation and disorientation of an individual in a market economy.

protect its citizens. Given the relative sophistication of terrorists, this

reality amounts to one of the most challenging priorities facing governments.
Terrorism is a potential threat to national security and social stability. It is also a violent criminal act.
The prevention of terrorism is a comprehensive system of measures of a socio-economic, political and legal nature, aimed at preventing:
- the emergence of terrorist organizations (groups),
- the commission of terrorist acts,
- the consequences of terrorism;

of social practice :
- in the field of economics —

development of production based on modern technologies, thoughtful structural and investment strategy, etc.
- in the political sphere –strengthening of democracy and of all branches of power, etc.
- in the social sphere - eliminating the sharp social stratification of society, supporting the poor, strengthening family foundations, limiting the negative consequences of unemployment, forced migration of people, is of great importance.
- special attention should be paid to the spiritual sphere of society, since morality is always opposed to crime, and immorality intensively produces it.

the Russian Federation is real, but with a little knowledge

you can increase your safety and help protect yourself against a terrorist attack. Find out below how to stay safe when you’re out and about and how to report any suspicious behaviour that could be connected to terrorism.
If you see or hear something unusual or suspicious, trust your instincts and ACT (Action Counters Terrorism) by reporting possible terrorist activity in confidence. Any piece of information could be important, so it's better to be safe and report anything you see. You can help the police prevent terrorism and save lives.
Terrorists commonly pick targets where surveillance is difficult and there are a lot of people, such as marketplaces, universities, concert venues and airports. Crowded places, events, public transport, and iconic locations throughout the country are some examples of locations that could be potential targets for terrorists.
You can help reduce the chance of a terrorist attack by keeping an eye out for suspicious situations, such as an unattended suitcase or someone with a conspicuous level of interest in the security of a building.

very much on the context. For example, an unattended suitcase

on a train platform does not necessarily mean anything sinister.
Still, the best course of action is to notify a member of staff straight away. Or call the police.

LOOK FOR ANYTHING THAT SEEMS OUT OF THE ORDINARY, SUCH AS:

People in stationary vehicles watching a building or structure;
Vehicles moving slowly near public buildings, structures or bridges, or parked in suspicious circumstances
People using recording equipment, including camera phones, or seen making notes or sketches of security details
Someone suspicious paying close attention to specific entry and exit points, stairwells, hallways or fire escapes
People loitering at or near premises for long periods and watching staff, visitors for no apparent reason
People asking detailed or unusual questions about buildings and , facilities (such as room layouts), security or parking for no apparent reason
Anyone in ‘off limits’ areas, plant rooms and similar – ask these people who they are and what they're doing, and report this immediately to security manager

the advice of local emergency officials.
Listen to your radio or

television for news and instructions.
If the event occurs near you, check for injuries. Give first aid and get help for seriously injured people.
If the event occurs near your home while you are there, check for damage using a flashlight. Do not light matches or candles or turn on electrical switches. Check for fires, fire hazards and other household hazards. Sniff for gas leaks, starting at the water heater. If you smell gas or suspect a leak, turn off the main gas valve, open windows, and get everyone outside quickly.
Shut off any other damaged utilities.

Stay away from the windows.

If you hear an explosion, resist the urge to look out the window.
A second, and usually more violent, explosion follows many bombings. Seek shelter in your bathroom or, if possible, an interior stairwell.

If gunfire erupts, drop to the floor, or get down as low as possible, and try to shield yourself behind or under a solid object such as a heavy piece of furniture.

Follow all instructions and orders from terrorists or responders.

Remain sheltered in a secure location until you are certain the danger has passed.

forming a plan of action if a bomb explodes or

there is gunfire nearby.
If possible, contact your nearest diplomatic mission, and ask for guidance.
If there is a disturbance outside your hotel, keep your drapes closed, and stay away from the windows. Extinguish all lights. If you must have some light, turn on the bathroom light and crack the door. Assemble your traveling companions in one room.
If you hear an explosion, resist the urge to look out the window. A second, and usually more violent, explosion follows many bombings. Seek shelter in your bathroom or, if possible, an interior stairwell.

If gunfire erupts, drop to the floor, or get down as low as possible, and try to shield yourself behind or under a solid object such as a heavy piece of furniture.


Follow all instructions and orders from terrorists or responders.

Remain sheltered in a secure location until you are certain the danger has passed.

Do not attempt to help emergency responders, and do not pick up a weapon.

of an emergency, call the emergency number 112.
· Report suspicious

situations or terrorist activities to the police by calling 102 .