SIW “The main methods of treatment are pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy from a

a position of evidence-based medicine”

contraindications
List of literature

of depressive and anxiety disorders, it is not known whether

they are equally efficacious for all types of disorders, and whether all types of psychotherapy and antidepressants are equally efficacious for each disorder.

of the effects of drugs on the higher nervous activity

of the use of drugs for the treatment of mental illness. The selection of psychopharmacology in a special section of pharmacology is associated with the specificity and considerable complexity of the methodological techniques used by psychopharmacology.

/ noetics;
psychostimulants;
psychodisleptics.

ability to restore impaired mental functions - attention, learning and

memory, perception, mood and emotions, thinking

Psychotropic drugs

with predominantly
Decriminating
(inhibitory, depressing
type of action)

with predominantly
EXCESSING
(activating, stimulating
type of action)

Sedatives;
  Tranquilizers;
  Neuroleptics;
  Mood timers.

Psychostimulants;
  Antidepressants;
  Nootropics;
  Adaptogens.

psychotic or affective symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, autism) and psychomotor agitation

(aggressiveness and impulsivity) and thus slowing down the rate of development of psychosis and causing its regression.

diprazine; levomepromazine (tizercin), flufenazine (moditen depot); trifluoperazin (triftazin); periciazine (neuleptil);

thioridazine (readazine, sonapax);

derivatives of thioxanthene - chlorprothixen (truksal); flupentixol (fluanksol); cuklopentyxol (clopixol).

butyrophenone derivatives - haloperidol (haloper, senorm, tranco-dol); droperidol

B. “Atypical” (not causing extrapyramidal disorders):

benzamides - sulpiride (restful, eglonil); tiaprid amisulpride (solian);

dibenzodiazepine derivatives - clozapine (alemoxan, leponex); olanzapine (zyprexa); quetiapine (seroquel).

benzyloxazole derivatives - risperidone (rispolept)

anticonvulsants.

psychotonic arousal during epilepsy, chronic paranoid states
neurotic disorders (elimination of

fear, anxiety, sleep disturbance)
premedication (preparation for anesthesia and surgery as part of a lytic mixture)
unrestrained vomiting during radiation and chemotherapy
Controlled hypothermia during operations on “dry” organs
neuroleptanalgesia
hypertensive crisis
Muscle hypertonus at stroke

anticholinergic properties);
porphyria;
parkinsonism;
pheochromocytoma (for neuroleptics of the group of substituted benzamides);
a

history of allergic reactions to antipsychotics;
severe violations of the kidneys and liver;
diseases of the cardiovascular system in the stage of decompensation;
acute febrile states;
intoxication with substances that inhibit the central nervous system;
coma;
pregnancy;
breastfeeding (especially for phenothiazine derivatives).

are medicines that can prevent mood changes in patients with

bipolar affective (manic-depressive) disorders.

Classification

LITHIUM PREPARATIONS:

  lithium carbonate (litosan, quilonium, contextmn),
  Mikalit,
  lithium oxybutyrate

Preparations of other pharmacological groups that have normochemical properties:
 
Carbamazepine (antiepileptic)
  valproate (antiepileptic),
  clonazepam (sedative, muscle-relaxing, anxiolytic and anticonvulsant)
  nifedipine,
  verapamil

as a preventive therapy, and under condition of constant monitoring

of the lithium content in the blood, it is well tolerated. And with increasing concentrations above a certain level, dosage adjustment is made.
In the absence of the possibility of such control, the frequency of side effects increases. The main side effects: increased thirst, tremor, nausea, muscle weakness, drowsiness, arrhythmia, changes in thyroid function.
2. Derivatives of carbazepine (carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine).
These drugs were originally used as anticonvulsants and in trigeminal neuralgia. Further study showed their effectiveness in the treatment of patients with affective disorders, paroxysmal pain, aggressiveness, behavioral disorders, alcoholism.
3. Valproates.
The exact mechanism of action of valproic acid in bipolar disorder is unknown, but there is evidence that it increases the synaptic concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter of the brain.
Mild side effects usually occur at the beginning of therapy and, as a rule, disappear on their own. These include gastrointestinal disorders (nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, heartburn, diarrhea), sedation, tremor. At the beginning of therapy, about half of the patients have a sedative effect.
4. Lamotrigine.
Lamotrigine is a drug that was originally used to treat epilepsy. Further study revealed its effectiveness in the treatment and prevention of affective disorders (especially depressive).
Side effects are usually mild, but rash may occur in 10% of patients. Other side effects of lamotrigine include headache, symptoms of CNS damage (diplopia, ataxia, blurred vision), as well as nausea and vomiting.

Anxius - alarming, seized with fear, i.e. “anti-anxiety”), or ataraktiki

(from lat. Ataraxia - equanimity of spirit, peace of mind) - medicinal means that have a calming effect, but in small therapeutic doses, eliminate internal psycho-emotional stress, anxiety, a sense of fear, hatred and fear of a neurotic nature.

(Elenium),
- Medazepam (Rudotel)
- Alprazolam (Xanax);
Tofisopan (Grandaxine);
-

Lorazepam (Lorafen); .

Tranquilizers of different chemical:

1. Serotonin receptor agonists: Buspirone (Spitomin) Afobazole,
2. M-holinoblokatory:
          AMIZIL
3. Different:
hydroxyzine, mebikar.

cycle;
serotonin receptor agonists (buspirone, afobazole) - very rarely headache, dizziness

In

case of poisoning with benzodiazepines - antagonist of BD receptors - FLUMAZENIL

and anxiety, insomnia, etc .;
seizure syndrome and epilepsy;
migraine;
climacteric disorders;
eczema, pruritic

dermatitis;
depressive states;
treatment of drug addiction and alcoholism;
potentiation of the action of hypnotic drugs and analgesics;
sedation before surgery.

restore the functional state of the central nervous system by

weakening excessive stimulation or enhancing the processes of weak inhibition in the nervous system in asthenic and psycho-emotional disorders preceding neurotic pathology.

Mint
  Melissa
  Passiflora
  Hops
  Peony
Bromocamphor
Pertussin (thyme + KBr)
Corvalol (with

mint)
  Corvaldine (with mint and hops)
  Valocordin (with mint and hops)
  Valocormid (valerian + longhi +
+ hops + bellow + menthol + NaBr)

b) combined:
  Gathering sedative (valerian + mint + trefoil + hops)
  Persen (valerian + mint + lemon balm)
  Novo-Passit
  Phytosed (hawthorn + motherwort + hops + oats + melissa + coriander + clover)
  Sanason (valerian + hops)
  Nervogran (mint + lemon balm + chamomile + valerian + yarrow)
  Nervoflux (Lavender + Melissa + Soladka + Hop + Valerian + Orange)

a feeling of fear, anxiety, headache, fatigue,
insomnia,
increased convulsive readiness in

children,
hyperthyroidism
climacteric disorders,
cardiopsychoneurosis,
smooth muscle spasms.

the effects of depression of various origins, improving emotional status,

mood, increasing overall activity

moclobemide;
B. Reverse neuronal uptake inhibitors:
indiscriminate action: Amitriptyline (saroten), imizin, doxepin,

imipramine, mianserin * (lerivon);

selective action:
       - SSRI (serotonin) - sertraline (zoloft), fluoxetine (prozac); cytalapram (cipramil), paroxetine (paxil);
       - Ioza (norepinephrine) - maprotiline
       - IOSOL (serotonin and norepinephrine) –milnacipra (ixel)

Classificaton

in the CNS synapses, block m-XP, a2-AR, HP)
Imipramine (Imizin, Melipramine,

Tofranil) -
Desipramine, Amitriptyline, Clomipramine
  Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Paroxetine (Paxil)
Citalopram (Tsipramil)
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Fluvoxetine (Fevarin)
Sertralin (Zoloft)
Selective Noadrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (NRIs)
Maprotiline, Desipramine

anticholinergic side effects +++
need for intensive cardiovascular therapy
Lethal dose ~

2g
  The first symptoms may appear from 1-2 to 6 hours after the appointment
  severe intoxication - cardiotoxicity +++
ventricular arrhythmia
coma - convulsions - respiratory decompensation
final bradycardia

DEATH 2 to 6 hours after administration
inside

Tricyclic Antidepressants
Side Effects

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