Текст и дискурс

языковых средств и направленный на решение определенной коммуникативной задачи
Функциональный

стиль – вариант литературного языка, который обслуживает социально значимые сферы общения
Разговорный стиль
Научный стиль
Официально-деловой стиль
Публицистический стиль
Художественный стиль

выявить закономерности

распространенные предложения,
неличные формы глагола, пассивный залог
Распространенные именные определительные группы

life in a literate culture, we use speech largely for

the establishment and maintenance of human relationships (primarily interactional use), we use written language largely for the working out of and transference of information (primarily transactional use). However, there are occasions when speech is used for the detailed transmission of factual information.

государственной, общественной, политической, экономической жизни, деловых отношений
Legal English – самый

консервативный стиль английского языка

и обороты
Архаичные союзы
Модальные глаголы с семантикой запрета, разрешения, предписания, рекомендации,

принятия обязательств

replies to the Organiser confirming all the details within 14

days of receiving the Booking Form or by return of post if the proposed event is within 14 days and will send an invoice for the deposit. No contract will come into existence until this point. The deposit will be 25% of the estimated total amount due or £50.00, whichever is the greater. Deposits are non-refundable but will be deducted from the final invoice subject to any cancellation fees being due. The deposit is payable within 14 days of the date of invoice except in cases where the completed Booking Form is received less than 14 days prior to the proposed date of Conference where the deposit is payable by return of post.

is rather a hard nut to crack. Why does homo

sapiens, whose digestive track functions in precisely the same complicated ways the world over, whose biochemical fabric and genetic potential are essentially common in all peoples and at every stage of social evolution — why does this unified mammalian species not use one common language? It inhales, for its life processes, one chemical element and dies if deprived of it. It makes do with the same number of teeth and vertebrae. In the light of anatomical and neurophysiological universals, a unitary language solution would be readily understandable. But there is also another "natural" model. A deaf, non-literate observer approaching the planet from outside and reporting on crucial aspects of human appearance and behaviour, would conclude with some confidence that men speak a small number of different, though probably related, tongues. He would guess at a figure of the order of half a dozen with perhaps a cluster of dialects or pidgins. This number would be persuasively concordant with other major parameters of human diversity. Why, then, this mystery of Babel?

и чувств автора
Функция: эстетико-познавательная
Жанры:
Драма, роман, сказка, басня, ода, гимн, эпиграмма,

баллада, и т.д.

quality of living there, the comfort and convenience of the

public transport, the English pubs, and the milk and the newspapers delivered to your door. I still remember roast Angus, and a wine bar in the Strand where we used to go every Wednesday to eat Stilton. There are values which must be preserved if England becomes continental — and this is quite likely, when we get our cooking from Paris, our politics from Moscow, and our morals from Cairo. As soon as we stop to cite John Ruskin, to tune Lennon and McCartney, to role-play Shakespeare and to trust in Time, we are the lost nation to nowhere.

диалог,
личные письма
Записки
Телефонное общение
интернет-дискурс (форумы, чаты и т.д.)

слова, модальные частицы
Редуцированные формы
Фразовые глаголы

guy is out to lunch. He better be careful because

really soon he’s going to find himself eating humble pie. His ideas are OK on the surface but when you start to look at them you realize that they are really swiss cheese – not well thought out. He always expects us to fill in the holes and make him look good. We get everything he gives us done to a T, but he takes all the credit. It would be nice if, for once, he would give us time to develop something challenging that we can really sink our teeth into. At least it would be nice to get credit for all that we do to make him and our organisation look good, but I doubt that will happen; he always wants the whole enchilada for himself.