land
Научный руководитель: г. Жезказган, средняя школа № 3
Альмишева Ляззат Шайзаевна,
учитель казахского языка и литературы.
Abay (Ibragim) Kunanbaev (1845 – 1904)
Abay (Ibragim) Kunanbaev (1845 – 1904) – the greatest Kazak poet, thinker, philosopher. composer, the founder and classic of Kazakh written literature.
Ibragim Kunanbaev was a son of a sultan ( a governor) of Eastern Kazakhstan (njw it is Semipalatinsk district). From the very childhood Ibragim got deep humanitarian education. Beihg inf luenced by his mother he was fond of books and poetry. It was his mother whose love had lighted his way. And his name in literature – “Abay” – it was the tender name given him by the mother.
Abay’ s poetry, his prose and music are full of deep liricism, soft humour, exposure of disgrace and praising of goodness, great love to his nation. His poets “Masgut”, “Eskendyr” (Alexander the Great), “Black eyes” ets. became the classic not only for Kazakh but for the warld Literature.
Қорқыт Ата (VIII ғасырда туылған - өлген жылы белгісіз).
Korkhut Ata (was born in 8 century – the date his death is unhnown)
Korkhut Ata (was born in 8 century – the date his death is unhnown) is a famous poet, unsurpassed master of kuys (national instrumental melodies), the charcter of many nftional legends. According to the inf ormation of ancient manuscripts the great oid man Korkhut Ata had lived 195 years. Three diff erent Kazakh Khans heeded him as a mihister, we hhow their names from the history: Inal, Kol – Trken. Kanly – Hodzha. Korkhut Ata worked out the first laws of the ackhowledgemeht of ahcestors lahd as the main factor, the laws about its defence against outer enemies and about using water ahd land in the certain order. There are some laws by Korkhut Ata about wise decision of contraversial diestions and punishment of the guilty. There is a proverd in Kazakhstan: “Korkhut Ata said...’ This proverd reflects his indisputable aurhority ih Kazakh steppe.
Korkhut Ata was considered to be recognized as a f ounder of Kazakh music art of sihging, the real composer, who’ d made the first Kazakh tunes and melodies. His musical compositions such as ‘The Kuy of Korkhut”, “The Tunes of Korkhut” ahd others are still popular now and cohsidered to be classical.
A poet, speaker, musician, composer – Korkhut Ata is a legehdary creator of the most spiritual Kazakh musical ihstrument. This is kobuz. In the Middle Ages the kobuz was played only by “a Bakhsy”-i.e. a priest, “shaman” of the ancient pagan rituals. The resonance of the kobuz is so uncommon, it charmed the listeners so much, that there was a superstition about alive soul living in it.
Әбу Наср ибн Мұхаммед ибн Мұхаммед ибн Тархан ибн Ұзлақ әл Фараби ат Турки (870 - 950)
Abu Nasr Al – Farabi (Mokhammed ibn Mokhammed ibn Uzlag Tarkhani)
(870 – 950).
He is a famous genius, philosopher, scientist – encyclopedist, who is called the second world authority in culture after Aristhotel.
Al – Farabi got primary training in Otrar in Kypchak language (ancient Kazakh). In Bagdad he learnt Arabic language. While meeting with the greatest scientists in Samarra and Harranda he added to his knowledge. He knew and wrote in Turkic, Persian, Arabic languages. Also he learnt Greek, Latin, Sanscrit.
About 50 works of Abu Nasr Al – Farabi have reminded till our generation. Among the greatest compositions, introdusing the best value, are “Astrology”, “Kitab Al – Musika Al – Kabur” and others. The works of Abu Nasr Al – Farabi spread all the spheres of science, their horizons are boundless.
Al – Farabi is confessed in the whole world as an outstanding philosopher of antiguity. His philosophical, world outlooking ideas form the basis of modern Phisics, Astronomy, Linguittcs, History, Philosophy, Logic, Mathemtics, Science and others. Al – Farfbi was called “Aristhotel of the East” and became one of the brightest stars in the world culture.
Mukhammed Khaidar Dulaty (1499 – 1551)
Mukhammed Khaidar Dulaty (1499 – 1551) is a famous historian, writer, autor of poets “Rashidy’s history”, “Zhakhaynama”, which became very valuable sources of Mogolistan’s history and its neighbourhood.
Dulaty was an educated man in all fields. He knew history of Kazakhstan and Middle Asia, Mogolistan and also history of Dulat tribe’s origin.
In his basic poet “Rashidy’s history” the creation of Kazakhstan state and following events in Zhetysu and in the East of Desht Kypchak’s region, Mogolistan’s disaster, feudal wars, strengthening of Kazakh union with Kyrghyz and Uzbek people against outer enemies and other inf ormation are described.
Ахмед Яссауи
(т.ж. белгісіз – 1166)
Akhmet Yassavy (the year of birth is unknovn – 1166)
Akhmet Yassavy (the year of birth is unknovn – 1166) – is a poet – philosopher of 12 century. He takes remarkable place in the history of ancitnt Kazakh culture.
He lived in Yassy town. Later he found his name – “Yassavy”. He got religious education in Bokhara them went to Turkestan and became a propagandist of religius ideas of Suphism, wich were wide spreaded in the Middle Asia of that time. Suleimen Bakhyrgany, Sophy Allayar, Ashkhany and others became Yassavy’s followers and spreaders of Suphism.
The composition of Akhmet Yassavy “Diuany Hikmet” (“The Books of Wisdom”) has reminded till our days. There are facts relating to the ancient history, literature, culture, ethnography, economy of Kazakh nation. From people’s lips you can hear a lot of remarkable stories (legends) about Akhmet Yassavy.
Suphism is a tendency in Islam that assumes an opportunity of the direct contact between the believer and God. Legends tell us about special sanctity of Akhmet Yassavy and ris repeated “conversation with Allah”.
Turkestan city itself, where the holy Mussulman supher lived, preached and was burried, took the holy sratus.
The fame of Akhmet Yassavy spread about the whole Islam world. Famous eastern ruler. Tamerlan the Great, ordered to build in Turkestan city the Akhmet Yassavy Mausoleum, that became an outstanding monument of the medieval architecture. Today Turkestan recepts piligrims, who came here to bow to the memory of the great holy, from the different parts of the world.
Абылай хан
(шын аты Әбілмансұр)
(1711 – 1781)
Abilay Khan
(the true name is Abulmansur)
(1711-1781)
Abilay Khan (the true name is Abulmansur) is the famous Kazakh Khan and brave commander.
He showed his bravery when he was 15, taking part in the battles against Jungar warrors. Unittles with Abulmambet (the Khan of the Midlle Zhuz) he organized a struggle against the enemies threatening from the east. In 1771 he became a Knan after Abulmsmbet’s death. Abulay Khan was spoken as a ruler of principles, smart diplomat, unsurpassed speaker, master of kuys (national instrumental melodies). His kuys ‘Alabayrak”, “Lidht wave”, “Motherland”, “Black horse”, “Dusty campaign” and others are still known.
Tsarist Russia, Chinese Empire, Bokhara, Jungar and Khivin states had close friendship with Abilay Khan during his reign. Avilay Khan played decisive role in the unification of militaru potencials of all three Zhuses against the threat of Kazakhstan’s occupation in 18-th centry by Jungar state and Manchzhur – Chinese Empire, having become a legendary “people’s gefendeer”.
Generation rememberd him as a ruler of “gold centery” – the period of Kazakh prosperity. Abilay, bting “either fox and wolf”, kept peace with greatest countries of his time, not losing Kazakh independence. And more, he united, consolidated and made csniderably strong his cuntry in the difficult situation.
His bravery and courage in a battle were praised in Kazakh epos. The name “Abilay” had become “the Uran” (battle call) for Kazakh people.
Абулхаир.
(Абул-л-Хаир Гази
Бахадур-хан)
(1693 – 1748)
Abulhair (1693 – 1748)
Abulhair (1693 – 1748) – one of the famous Kazakh sultans. He came of the junior branch of Kazakh sultans (“a sultsn” – a ruler of some district). On becoming famous for his strength, tactics, organizing ability, he’d got Kazakh Khan’s throne.
During the upsurge of Kazakh liberation moving against the Jungars Abulkhair was elected the leader of the people’s army. He began to set friendly connections with Russia. With the help of Russia he was going to unite the three Kazakh Zhuzes (“Zhuz – one part of Kazakh State”),
to organize the governing from one centre, to elect the ruler for his personsl gualities but not for being the child of Khan.
It was the time of ‘great disaster” when Jungar feudals were waging uninterrupted war trying to exterminate Kazakh ptople as a nation.
Abulkhair Khan appealed to Russia and in the thirties years of 18 ctntury took out Russian citizenship, including Junior and Senior Zhuzes in Russian Empre.
This historical step played a great though strange role in the development of Kazakhstan, having discovered Kazakh steppe to the influence of European culture.
Төле би Әлібекұлы
(1663 – 1756)
Tole Bi Alibekuly
(1663 – 1756)
Tole Bi (1663 – 1756) Alibekuly – the public leader, well – known speaker judge.
Leading bi (a judge) of Senior Zhuz (Southern Kazakhstan), Tole bi liked to study from the very childhood. He was iond of reading a numer of historical books in Arabic and Persian Ianguages, interested in the history of easten legends, studied wise sayings of eloguent judges and khans, broadening his outlook. He’d become one of the autors of the legendary Code “Zhety Zhargy” (the first Kazakh Code of Laws). Together with the supreme judge of the Middle Zhuz (Central and Eastern Kazakhstan) Kazibek Keldibekuly and the supreme judge of the Junior Zhuz (Northern and Western Kazakhstan) Aiteke Baibekuly he was the leading cunsellor of Tauke Khan.
Having organized, together with the baturs (fighters, commanders) Kabanbay, Bogenbay
and Zhanibek the united people’s front, he become the leader of the liberation struggle against the Jungars (very agressive and cruel nation from Nothern China).
Being the leader not only in a war but in a culture also Tole bi participated actively in the creation of the unigue architectural structures in Tashkent, Turkestan, Shimkent.
Қазыбек би Келдібекұлы (1667 – 1763)
Kazibek bi Keldibekuly
(1667 – 1763)
Kazibek bi (1667 – 1763) Keldibekuly – the famous Kazakh bi (a judge), lived in the period of the end of 17 century – the beginning of 18 century.
He governed Midlle Zhuz (Central and Eaztern Kazakhstan) and took part actively in the state affairs during the reign of Tauke Khan, Semeke, Abilmambet, Abilay Khan, helping the efficacy of the domestic and foreign policy of the Kazakh Khans.
Kazibek bi was one of the leaders of the nation – wide struggle against Jungar invaders (very agressive and cruel nation from Norhern China).
Being the well – known judge and speaker he participated in the cretion of the first Kazakh Code of Laws – “The Laws of Tauke Khan” (“Zhety Zhargy’). Supporting the frendly connections with Russia, he stood up against the close relations with Tsin Empire.
Among the people Kazibek bi was known as “a man with goose voice” (“kaz” in Kazakh Language means “a goose”) – i.e. “resounding voice”. He was considered as a man whose voice had been heard in the most distant steppes as a voice of MotherLand.
Әйтеке би (шын аты Айтық) Байбекұлы (1689 – 1766)
Aiteke Bi (the true name is Aityk) Baibekuly (1689 – 1766)
Aiteke Bi (the true name is Aityk) Baibekuly (1689 – 1766) – the famous Kazakh bi (a judge and speaker). Bef ore Abilay Khan he had governed the Junior Zhuz (Nothern and Western Kazakhstan). Aiteke bi was younger than Tole bi and Kazibek bi, another famous judges. However he ruled the country very wisely and never made concessions to anyone, not worshipped any glory or treasure. His wise sayings have been alive amoung the people up to now. In the regin of Tayke Khan Aiteke bi as one of the outstanding Kazakh judges took part in the creation of the first Code of Laws named “Zhety Zhargy” (“Seven Decrees”).
Aiteke bi struggled actively for the unification of the Kazakhs, for the independent Kazakh State, for the fair society.
Құрманғазы Сағырбайұлы (1806 – 1879)
Kurmangazy Sagirbiauly
(1806 – 1879)
Kurmangazy (1806 – 1879) Sagirbiauly – the greatest Kazakh composer, performer of the kuys (national instrnmental melodies), dombra (the national musical instrument) player, the very famous classic os Kazakh instrumental music.
Uzak Khan, the governor and kuy performer, was his first teacher. Travelling with him, Kurmangazy took part in some competitions of dombra players and attracted gradually the attention of the connoisseurs of music.
Improving the melodies by studing from the famous national performers, he showed his talent. According to the legend his first composition was the kuy named “Kishkentay” – ( “Small”), devoted to Isatay – the leader of Kazakh poor men rebellion in 19 ctetury.
There are a lot of famous kuys by Kurmsngazy such as “Akbay”, “Aksak kiik”, (“The Lame Antilope”), “Kobik Shashkan” ( “The Foamed Sea”), “Escape from the prison”, “Aday”(the tribe of the Junior Zhuz) etc.
By the language of music Kurmangazy described the light horisons of the future, people’s dream of freedom and happiness, their struggle, the life in whole.
Many popular dombra players such as Dina, Mamen, Kokbala, Menetay, Menkara, Sugiraly, Togaybay, Shora ets. considered themeselves the disciples of Kurmangazy. His compositions
are spread widely all over the world thanks to the wonderful performances of the Kazakh Stane Orchestra of the National Musical Instruments named in commemoration of Kurmangazy.
Сүйінбай Аронұлы
(1815 – 1898)
Suyunbay Aronyly
(1815 – 1898)
Suyunbay (1815 – 1898) Aronyly – Kazakh akyn the unsurpassed master of “the aitys”.
He wrote the poets devoted to the people’s defenders, to the batys (“fighets, commanders”) such as Utegen, Karasay, Suranshy, Sauryk. His aitys with the akyns Katagan and Terek is well – known. His eloguent sayings, devoted to the rulers and judges, and his poets are very famous also.
The greatest Kazakh akyn Zhambyl Zhabaev always had expressed his respect to Suyunbay bef ore the perf ormances by these lines: “My ideal – that is Suyunbay. Now I begin to sing without fear...”
Suyunbay was a wonderful singer of Kazakh heroic epos. Kazakh classic writer Muktar Auezov appreciated him very high: “Suyunbay is a gold nucleus of the Kazakh akyns”.
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